How organizational culture relates to innovation free essay sample

How Organizational Culture Can Support Creativity and Innovation when we think of the terms Innovation and creativity we automatically think of the Individual. We often ask ourselves, what can the Individual bring into an organization? What type of creativity does the Individual have that can support the organization and how would it help the organization grow? As we ask ourselves these questions we are often overlooking the important aspects that correlate to an individuals capability of creativity and innovation It is important to understand the context In which the Individual functions (Mclean. 05, pg,227). one vltal aspect Is the organizational culture. organizational culture Is denned as the shared values, beliefs and traditions that exist among individuals In an organization. When we refer to the culture in an organization we should consider if everyone In the organization have shared values and beliefs that contribute towards the organization. If so what is the organization do ing to influence these work ethics. We will write a custom essay sample on How organizational culture relates to innovation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is important that individuals maintain a healthy organizational culture because it is an observable powerful point In the organization. hitch has a potent effect on the company well king and Its success. Now that we have analyzed the Importance of organizational culture, lets examine In how it can be done. Creativity and Innovation comes into the organization in a form of a cycle in most cases. These two aspects are influenced by the organizational culture, while the organizational culture is mostly influenced by the organization itself and the experience the workers bring with them tom previous employers (Qwabe. 2013, P. 3). The organization Influences from the very beginning of the hiring process. From the selection process the company chooses a certain amount of Individuals In which they eel have qualities that can bring a positive outlook to the company. These qualities may include; dynamic personalities, strong values and a clear vision on how to operate the business. Another way the company influences from this point is the type of attitude the interviewer is portraying to the interviewee. During the selection process the Interviewer gives a sense out their ethos and their attitude towards the company. This approach transmits to the Interviewee and Influences them In such a way that can determine the enthusiasm on being hired (Qwabe, 2013, P. 7) The other influence the organizational culture has is the experience the workers bring with them from previous employers and other external forces. Past experience can affect the work ethics and any contribution an individual may have with the current company. The influence towards the organizational culture can also be vice versa, In which the experience the company had with the previous employees. In such case the organization learns from critical experiences from the external forces. As the learning occurred, the organizations history becomes memories that After the selection process the organization must continue the positive attitudes nd work as leaders to maintain the positive behavior to ensure long term survival for the organization culture. When the organization leaders motivates the employees, the employers are more likely to feel engaged to their work resulting from better and more satisfactorily work outcomes (Sarrows, Cooper, Santora, 2008, P. 46). There are many tactics some organizations have developed to transmit this motivation and to enhance the positive working environment within the organizational culture. There are six factors in which the organizational leaders use to promote the positive environment. These six are; articulating a vision for the future, providing an appropriate role model, fostering the acceptance of goals, setting high performance expectat ions, providing individual support and providing intellectual stimulation (Sarrows, Cooper, Santora, 2008, P. 46-147). Organizational leaders use these six factors to affiliate it into their own leadership style. This helps them with the enhancement of creativity and innovation by advocating the organizational culture. There are four functions in which help bring the organizations culture to life. These four functions include organizational identity, sense making device, collective commitment and social system stability (Qwabe, 2013, P. 12). The first function that will be discussed is the organizational identity. When an organization has a sense of identity it is giving the employees a better sense with what the organization wants, giving the employee a more coherent vision and understanding to the organizations objective. Therefor it is providing the employee a more comfortable state where the employee can feel more part of the mission while also strengthening the establishment of what the company is really about and what they stand for. The second function is the collective commitment. When referring to collective commitment we are referring to the energy the employee drives around the important aspects of the favors the organization. It is important for an organization to articulate collective commitments because when employees assemble together and commit themselves to their goals and missions, the relationship amongst each other change for the better. They feel morally obligated to embody their own actions and motivate each other to reach their daily goals. Social system stability is another function of organizational cultural, yet it is also a very important appliance to the organization itself. Social system stability provides a more positive work environment giving the opportunity for the employees to have a more respectable work place. This function helps employees with the ability to resolve conflicts using a problem-focused approach rather than a person focused approach or a blaming mentality. These approaches help avoid any possible conflicts in the workplace creating the workplace to be less tensed and a more complaisant environment. device the organizational culture is being given a broader understanding on what the companys strategy and values are. It gives the employee a sort of behavior shaping hat helps employees a sense of their surroundings. With this function the employees have a better comprehension in to the objective of the organization, how the organization functions and how the organization aspires to succeed their goals (Qwabe, 2013, P. 13-14). In conclusion it is set that organizational culture does indeed support creativity and innovation. These articles have also prover that the organization itself is greatly influenced within the members of the organizational culture. This is an important aspect of a successful organization. References Qwabe, N. P (2013). University of Fort Hare Faculty of Management Commerce Department of Industrial Psychology. (ONINE) Available at:http://www. academia. edu/1964153/ Organisational_culture_lnnovation_and_creativty. (Last Accessed 1 1. Nov. 2013). McLean, L. D. (2005). Organizational Cultures Influence on Creativity and innovation: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Human Resource Development. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7(2), 226-246. Sarrows, J. C. , Cooper, B. K. , Santora, J. C. , (2008). Building a Climate for Innovation Through Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies. 15 (2), pp. 145-148

The Artistic Gladiator essays

The Artistic Gladiator essays Art is defined in the Webster Dictionary as human ability to make things; creativity of man as distinguished from the world of nature (Websters New World College Dictionary). Now when most people think of art or see a definition like that, they think of art that can be viewed in museums, such as: paintings, and sculptures, not the considering art in film. Film can be viewed as all other forms of art thrown together to create an all-encompassing work of art. Movies have ingredients from almost all forms of art. The dialogue, and the plot the actual story being conveyed can be considered form literature. In fact most ideas and story lines for movies come from novels and other publications. Another contribution from the art world to film is music. Full scores of music are made particularly to suit the mood of the movie, the desired feeling that is communicated to the audience by the use of music. And in some cases the movie can make a single, or a whole sound track into its own marketable venture. Also the photography or in this case the cinematography in the film, the settings, realistic action sequences take great skill. And last but not least the theatrical aspects that go into a movie, the way the actors or actresses visually express the telling of a story and show feelings is the most important part. One film that I chose for an example of this is Gladiator. This film was a major award winner in its year of showing on the big screen. I choose this movie because I felt that it has been one in recent years that has caught my attention as being a movie that will be one revered as a classic when its time comes. It also displays all of the previous aspects of art that I have already mentioned. Gladiator was made in 2000 staring Russell Crowe as an army general for the Roman Empire. He is sentenced to death by the new ruling dictator of Rome due to fear of his power with the armys loya ...

Can Values and Morality have Different Meanings Essay

Can Values and Morality have Different Meanings - Essay Example Even though Henri claimed to be French he was not so in reality. In other words, Henri is described as cunning character in this novel. Steinbeck tells us that Mack and the boys can be viewed as antisocial elements by a society; but in reality these antisocial elements also hold some positive elements. Society may consider them as "sons of bitches", but Steinbeck likes to labels them as "the Virtues, the Graces, and the Beauties of the hurried mangled craziness of Monterey" (Steinbeck p.18). Steinbeck tries to judge them based on what they truly are rather than what they do. In his opinion, what they do cannot be taken as a measure to label them as antisocial elements since they are not doing any immoral activities intentionally. Steinbeck blames society for the making of Mack and the boys as antisocial elements. In his opinion, when people are deprived of freedom and virtue, they may engage in antisocial behaviors. Doc is portrayed as a loveable character in this novel. Even aggress ive people like Mack and his company were very much attracted by the personal behaviors of Doc. In the novel, Cannery Row, Mack and his friends are trying to do something nice to their loyal friend Doc, who actually demanded nothing from them. The intentions of Mack and his friends were positive; but the Thank you party organized by Mack and his allies ended up in a disaster because of their own fault. In other words, Mack and his friends tried to demonstrate the value of friendship; however, they failed to demonstrate in an ethical manner. Steinbeck reminds us that even successful people in this world may have both bad health and bad souls because they "tear themselves to pieces with ambition, nervousness, and covetousness"(Steinbeck, 133). In his opinion, it is better to live naturally rather than artificially. In other words, keeping something in the mind and doing something exactly opposite to that cannot be labeled as a moral activity. Of course by doing so, a person can uphold the integrity of values publicly, but it should be remembered that he is doing something opposite to his instincts. For example, in our society we can see so many people who admire celebrities publicly and criticize them privately. Such activities cannot be labeled as moral activities even though it can be perceived as valuable activities. According to Steinbeck, the essence of humanity is living naturally based on instincts. In that sense, Mack and the boys can be considered as successful men, since they tried to live naturally. â€Å"Henri loves boats, but he is afraid of the oceans"(Steinbeck, p.37). Steinbeck tries to ridicule the attitudes of the public through these words. A boat is intended to use in oceans. If it stays on land, it may become useless. The utility of the boat can be exploited only if it is used in water or ocean. Steinbeck compares people who are living unnaturally to a boat staying on land. There are many people who try to live in accordance with the social norms even though their instincts are against it. For example, there are many people who like to have more than one wife at the same time. But the social norm is to have only one wife at a time. Even though, people like to have more than one wife, they forced to live with one wife alone. Such things are upholding social values, but it cannot be

Madre Womens Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Madre Womens Rights - Essay Example (Pol, 2009) However, the Reagan Admin worked domestically to roll back the victories of social MADRE's founders knew that while women's traditional social roles and discrimination against women were global in scope, they are experienced differently, depending on race, nationality, class, sex- uality and other aspects of identity. They saw that building on the strengths of those differences while focusing on the universality of women's roles and women's oppression could be a key to building lasting political partnerships between women from different communities within the US and between US-based women and those in other countries. (Madre, 2013) These made them to resurface their strengths in early 1980s.They have been on the move ever since, cham- pioning for the rights of the women. Why women rights? According to the New York Times by Robin, about 78% of the women are not enjoying their dem- ocratic rights. They are denied the right to freedom, speech and are treated unfairly at the place of resi- dence. Ordinarily, they are considered as weak ves- sels who will obey every command from their hus- †¢ †¢ to situate their struggles in the global context. The training in- fuses local human rights strug- gles with the power of interna- tional law At the same time, we help the partners identify their lack of sustaining resources as human rights violation. We provide resources to guarantee that the international arena is acces- sible to grassroots activists.

Analysis Paper on Komatsu, Ltd. (B) Profit Planning Product Costing Article

Analysis Paper on Komatsu, Ltd. (B) Profit Planning Product Costing - Article Example The fact that the remaining operations (construction, real estate, unit housing, chemicals and plastics, and software development) brought forward only 20% of the corporate revenues would have been considered the need for a change in planning It seems that the 3G† strategy of growth, globalization, and group diversification adopted in 1989, was able to make a financial progress by following correct processes of Profit Planning and Product Costing. The act that Komatsu’s profit planning process consisted of three major stages: policy making, profit planning, and evaluation to be a good starting point towards progress. Similarly, the decision to change/revise the Profit planning to be done on yearly basis, instead of the previous semi-annual practice, is a prudent move based on the given three reasons. It is true as it takes a lot of pre-preparation time, as everyone has to devote a substantial amount of their working time in preparing reports. This has been found out as counterproductive as it happens at the expense of their working time. It is also true, that semiannual report is based on a short-term perspective. Perhaps, it may not give the relevant picture as some of the processes take time to produce the expected outcome. It is also correct to understand that if allocations of fixed costs have to be changed based on the figures emanating from the semi-annual, it may not be realistic as well as too arbitrary to be me aningful. While analyzing the processes followed under Policy Making Stage, it can be clearly seen that they followed correct procedures, instead of taking arbitrary decisions by the policymakers. The fact that the development of the long-term plan began with the preparation of a preliminary long-term plan by the corporate planning and control department is an exemplary procedure to follow, which is ignored by most of the contemporary businesses. Their practice of submitting the approved preliminary long-term plan to each division is very practical and commendable.  

Comparison Of Olympic And Paralympic Games

Comparison Of Olympic And Paralympic Games Commonwealth, World Cup, English Premier League are sports event that is very popular. Besides all those events, the Olympics and Paralympics are one of the most well-known sporting events in the world now. Everybody knows about Olympics and Paralympics. The background of Olympics is founded by a young Frenchmen named Pierre de Coubertin. In 1890, he organized and founded a sports organization, Union des Socià ©tà ©s Francaises de Sports Athlà ©tiques (USFSA). Two years later, Coubertin first pitched his idea to revive the Olympic Games. (Jennifer Rosenberg 2010) Besides that, the background of Paralympics is the first Paralympics Games were held in Rome, Italy, in 1960 and involved 400 athletes from 23 countries. Originally only wheelchair athletes were invited to compete. Since that time, the Paralympics Games have grown dramatically. (History of the Paralympics Movement, online) Both the Olympics and Paralympics have some interesting similarities and differences in terms o the criteria, time of event, games played, rules of games and mission and vision. Both athletes in the Olympics and Paralympics need to be national players of their own countries and meet the requirements set by the Olympics organization in order to participate in these events. However, besides this basic requirement, both the Olympics and Paralympics have other requirements that are very different. For the Olympics, qualified athlete must at least meet the minimum requirement set by the Olympics organization in order to participate in the Olympics game, which is at least a national athlete. And they are all usually train in the young age. For example, Gymnastics and other acrobatic events, kids as young as 4 can be selected for elite programs to prepare for the Olympics game. However, sports like wrestling or rowing, adults bodies are required to really excel, so intense training usually starts around high school. . (10 Steps to Become an Olympic Athlete 2010, online) Youth athletes require a lot of intense training all the time, and competing with all the junior level, year around. And for the athletes who are outstanding will go on to careers as adults and represent their country and take part in Olympics game. Eventually, athletes that perform the best track time from their own country, or got titles in the junior level, or got the best records among all the college or universities, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ may qualify for entrance into the Olympic trials. And lastly, if they place high enough in the trial, they may be selected for the team. Furthermore, Olympics game is open to all age. The oldest Olympic medalist was 72 years old. For Paralympics instead, in order to participate in Paralympics, according to Paralympic Game 2010, online, athletes must be with disabilities such as, cerebral palsy, spinal injuries, amputated limbs, visual impairments or some other mobility disability. And that is the only requirement that required entering in Paralympics game. Athletes that participate in Paralympics with disability but do not interfere with their ability to participate in the game are all welcome to join the Paralympics game. Paralympics competitors are classified based on their level of disability during the game. And all the participants must learn the requirements, the rules and regulations and also the classification before the game. As usual, they are all selected in the national game before they participate in the Paralympics game. Thus, from the criteria above, these are the differences between these two events. And these are the different criteria of these two major sports games. 2.2: Time of event Olympics game is a major event which held every 4 years. However it is classified into 2 groups which are winter game and summer game. Therefore, in another word, it is held every 2 years but 4 years within their respective games. For example, in the year of 2004, summer Olympics game was held in Athens, Greece. In the year of 2008, it was held in Beijing, China. For winter Olympic game, in the year of 2006, it was held in Turin, Italy. And in the year of 2010, winter Olympic game was held in Vancouver, Canada. (Jennifer Rosenberg 2010) As you can see from the example, Olympics game was held every 2 years. However, many of us only concern on the summer Olympics games but not the winter Olympics games. For Paralympics, it is also the same as Olympics game. And it usually held immediately after the Olympic game. 2. 3: Games Played There are many different kinds of games played in Olympics and Paralympics. Some of the games played are the same but just different ways of playing. The similarities of games played for Olympics and Paralympics is it is categorize as summer and winter games. As an example, the last Olympics which is 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, there were a total of 28 summer sports. For Olympics Summer Games, categorized sports played on land and water sports. For sports played on land, there is archery, athletics, badminton, basketball, boxing, cycling, fencing, football, handball, tennis, table tennis, volleyball, weightlifting, wrestling, judo, handball, and taekwondo. For water sports, there are swimming, diving, sailing, water polo, synchronized swimming. (Olympics Sports List 2007, online) Paralympics has also the games played in Olympics but the difference is the way of playing. For example instead of basketball, it is wheelchair basketball. Therefore, for Summer Sports Paralympics are archery, athletics, boccia, bowls, cycling, equestrian, football 5-a-Side, football 7-a-Side, goalball, Judo, powerlifting, rowing, sailing, shooting, swimming, table tennis, volleyball, wheelchair basketball, wheelchair dance sport, wheelchair fencing, wheelchair rugby and wheelchair tennis. Moreover, for winter Olympics games, it is categorized in a few categories which is Ice Sports, Alpine, Skiing and Snowboarding Events and Nordic Events. On the other side, Paralympics have only four winter sports which is alpine skiing, ice sledge hockey, nordic skiing, and wheelchair curling. There are only two winter sports which is similar, another two is not played in Olympics winter games. In conclusion, Olympics and Paralympics sports have summer and winter games. Some of the games played are the same but different ways of playing. 2.4: Rules of Sports There are many kinds of sports in Olympics and Paralympics. Every sport has their own rules. There is a few reasons that why the rules are set. The first reason is to make sure that the competition between the athletes must be fair. Another reason is to make sure that no drugs are taken and cheating during the competition. All the rules must be followed by all the athletes strictly. There are a few examples of the rules of sports played in Olympics and Paralympics. Below are the examples of the rules of 3 similar games played in Olympics and Paralympics. Although the games are the same but the rules is different. 2.4.1: Basketball For Olympics, the first sport is basketball. In basketball, there are four quarters in each game. There are 10 minutes per quarter for the four quarters. After the second quarter, there is a half time break. The half time break lasts 15 minutes long. By the end of the quarter, the score of both teams are the same, there will be overtime. This overtime period is an extra period that lasts for 5 minutes. Besides that, in Olympic basketball, the referee can awards two foul shots to a fouled player if the team committing the foul has more than four fouls in the period. (Rules 2007, Online) For basketball in Paralympics, a player can wheel the chair and bounce the ball, if the ball is picked up and placed on the players lap, the player is only allowed to push twice before they shoot, pass or dribble the ball again. Besides that, a player lifting his or her legs to gain an advantage is given a technical foul. On an inbounds play, the offensive player is not allowed to go into the key area until the ball is handed to the bounding player by the referee. (Wheelchair Basketball Rules 2005, online) 2.4.2: Rugby For Olympics, is rugby. In rugby, a player is allowed to carry, pass, kick and ground to score a point for the team. Rugby is also called as an end-zone invasion game. It means that each team focuses on gaining possession of the ball, taking it into the opponents territory, and placing it in the goal area or the end zone to get the score. There are two categories of players. First one is forwards which consist of 8 players and the second one is backs which consist of 7 players.( Basic Rules of Rugby, online) For Paralympics, is wheelchair rugby, it is played by two teams of up to 12 players. Only 4 players from each team may be on the court at any time. For this game, girls and boys can be in the same team to play a game. The court of the wheelchair rugby is 28 meters long and 15 meters wide. The required court markings are a centre line and circle, a key area measuring 8 meters wide and 1.75 meters deep at each end of the court. The goal line is the section of the end line within the key. Players score by carrying the ball across the line. ( IWRF, online) 2.4.3 Volleyball The third sport is volleyball. For volleyball, a team scores a point by grounding the ball on the opposite side of the court. In order to win the game, the team must win three sets of 25 points. Besides that, the four types of sanctions in volleyball. The first one is warning, second one is penalty, third one is expulsion and the last one is disqualified. Another common rule is the blocking rule. Blocking is when a team player attempts to reach higher than the net to intercept a ball, however as a rule only those players on the front line can attempt this play. Otherwise, there will be a penalty.( Volleyball Basic Rules, online) For sitting volleyball, the position of each player is determined and controlled by the position of their bottoms. Their hands and legs may lie in the attack or free zone outside the court. The referees in sitting volleyball must stand to the sides of the court because of the height of the net and the players are in seated position. The referees official hand signal is raising the upper hand and forearm positioned parallel to the floor and mirror imaging the lower hand and forearm. 2. 5: Mission and Vision of Olympics and Paralympics Every Olympics and Paralympics, the missions and vision is different. As a example, the mission and vision for Beijing Olympics is One World, One Dream. This mission and vision is to make the whole world to have the same target and same dream, in order to achieve the target and dream, they have to work together as one. This mission and vision is also use to motivate those athletes to work as hard as they can to achieve their target. (Beijing 2008, Online) For Paralympics, the mission and vision was To Enable Paralympics Athletes to Achieve Sporting Excellence and Inspire and Excite the World. This mission and vision is to make those people who have a disable to gain their confident in doing stuffs. Some of the people who have a disable will give up because of what they are, so they will need this motivation to have their confident back so that they wont feel that they are useless. (Vision Mission Values 2010, Online) For this coming Olympics and Paralympics in 2012, the mission and vision is to stage inspiration Olympics Games and Paralympics Games that capture the imagination of young people around the world and leave a lasting legacy. This mission and vision is to make the new generation to last the sports spirit. (London 2012 Vision for the Olympics 2010, Online) 3.0: Conclusion In conclusion, after comparing and contrast of the criteria, time of event, games played, rules of games and mission and vision of Olympics and Paralympics, there are similarities and differences between Olympics and Paralympics. For the criteria, Olympics and Paralympics has different criteria to achieve. Besides that, for the time for event is held is similar but the only difference is Paralympics is held only after Olympics. For the games played, there are some games is that same sports but just different ways of playing and the similarities is that both Olympics and Paralympics have summer and winter games. Moreover, the rules of the games are totally different although the game is the same. Finally, although both of these events is different but the mission and vision of these events is similar. Olympics and Paralympics are events that challenge athletes all around the world, able-bodied and disabled alike. It is truly an event that helps to ensure personal confidents, dignity and also countries name.

Freight Market Equilibrium Theory :: essays research papers fc

Freight Market Equilibrium Theory An amazing assortment of goods are moved over the worlds ocean trade routes. Of necessity, the carriers charge for the service they render. These charges vary almost as widely as do the cargoes, for they mirror both the shipowner’s costs and the special conditions prevailing on the trade routes traversed by the ships. Ocean freight rates may be described as the prices charged for the services of water carriers. Each ship operator develops it’s own rates, usually without consultation with the shippers. The charges reflect the cost of providing the carriage, the value of this service to the owner of the goods, the ability of the merchandise to support the expense of transportation, and economic conditions in general. Freight rates truly reflect the working of the laws of supply and demand. In tramp shipping, particularly, it is possible to observe how these factors influence the rise or fall of freight rates from day to day and from cargo to cargo. Tramp ships transport, in shipload (or â€Å"full cargo†) lots, commodities which, like coal, grain, ore, and phosphate rock, can be moved in bulk. The fact that usually only one shipper and one commodity are involved simplifies the establishment of a freight rate for this particular movement. To the capital charges of ownership and the expense of administration and overhead must be added the cost of running the ship, handling the cargo, and paying port fees and harbor dues. Against this total is set the number of tons to be hauled, and the resultant figure is what the tramp must charge, per ton of cargo loaded, to break even on the contemplated voyage. If competitive conditions permit, a margin for profit will form part of the quoted rate. If however the prevailing economic climate is unfavorable, the owner has the privilege of retiring the ship to a quit backwater, there to wait until the financial skies are brighter. The tramp operator does not depend upon the longterm goodwill of the shippers, but is free to accept those offers which appear profitable at the moment. When adversity threatens, those charters are accepted which minimize anticipated losses. If there is a choice, the cost of temporary lay-up is contrasted with the loss which continued operation might produce, and the less expensive alternative is selected in a bow to the inevitable made with whatever grace that can be mustered.

Practice Organic chem Midterm 1

This exam is designed to give you a small glimpse as to the format of the exams I write. The content of the exam has no direct correlation to the difficulty of the actual exam you will take. Use this exam as another problem set so you can get a little more practice in where multiple chapters are combined into one document. It would greatly benefit you to try doing this exam first.That way, you will et a better idea as to how well you may be prepared for an actual CHM2510 exam. )For each set of molecules below, circle the one that would undergo a solvolysis reaction more rapidly. 2) 2,2†²-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) is a radical initiator that results in the formation of alkyl radicals that are then able to undergo propagation. Use arrows to point out the two bonds that are most likely to break in a radical initiation sequence. 3) Each of the following reactions will not proceed as written. Use no more than ifteen (15) words per response to explain why the reactions woul d fail under the given conditions. ) THF is readily soluble in water while a similar solvent molecule, diethyl ether, is completely insoluble in water. What major intermolecular force is responsible for such a solubility property? Why is this force more likely to participate with THF than with diethyl ether? 5) Predict the products for the following reactions. If more than one product can be made be sure to draw all of them. For problems labeled with ‘major' and ‘minor' eaction products, be sure to draw the appropriate product(s) above the major/minor label.Inorganic byproducts and mechanisms are not required to be shown. 3 2 4 6) Provide the reagents for the following transformations. Be aware that more that more than one synthetic step may be required and there may be more than one route to synthesize each product. 7) Provide the mechanism for the following transformation. Be sure to include all intermediates, formal charges and arrows that depict electron movement. 8) Provide the mechanism for the following transformation.

Violence And Nonviolence Essays - Pacifism, Dispute Resolution

Violence And Nonviolence Essays - Pacifism, Dispute Resolution Violence And Nonviolence Violence and Nonviolence Violence is a problem that we as humans, deal with everyday. Today, it seems that we deal with it in just about every aspect of our lives. From childrens cartoons to the nightly news, we are witnesses to its power and harm. A highly debated argument for the causes of violence are surrounding our homes as well as our government. No matter the causes of violence or for that fact aggressors, we have a personal responsibility must be taken for violent actions. We are given the choice to decide how we each want to live our lives; but before we decide, we must look at the ethical issues that surround our choices. Most humans strive to live a good, pure life. Violence is one of the few instances that destroys that good life. It is something that we work towards eliminating. It is defined as an act taken against another being with the intent to do harm. We often consider violence in terms of the physical aggressor, yet violence can surface in a variety of ways even including self-defense. Violence is a result of conflicting interests or unresolvable differences. In most instances, both parties to he conflict feel that they are right and that their actions are justified. However, there are other cases in which their is a clear aggressor and victim. Nevertheless, violence is a very complicated and difficult issue. By its very nature, violence is an act against life. Life, is sacred. It is cherished, not out of purpose of use, not instrumental, but for the good, intrinsic value of its very being. Violence is instrumental. It is a means to an end. There is no intrinsical goodness in violence. Violent acts are not good for the sake of violence itself. A single question that arises out of the argument of violence and nonviolence, Is violence ever justifiable or acceptable. The two main types of arguments that arise are the self-defense paradigm and pacifism. The self-defense paradigm accepts violence as a means to protect ones life, or the life of others. This argument interprets life as being intrinsically good and for instrumental purposes, but accepts lethal results as an unintended consequence of defense. Pacifism argues that violence is never acceptable. Because violence is an instrumental act, it undermines and disrespects human life as a cherished entity. Upon first evaluation of these arguments, I preferred the self-defense paradigm. I believe I am more of a realist. I thought that violence was inevitable. No matter the strategy, violence is going to be the end result. However, by the end of the semester, I have discovered something. The whole purpose of pacifism is to change the fact that violence is inevitable. It is a movement that teaches humans how to deal with the situations that inevitably end in violence. It is a way to defend life from aggressive threats. The pacifist may never risk killing his opponent, regardless of the consequences. At all times, they must be respectful and compassionate of life. I believe that I have changed my view because I have a greater understanding of pacifism. At first, I thought that it was the easy way out. It was the way to take to avoid a situation; no matter the situation, never be violent. I thought of issues such as wars or if someone was trying to kill you or your family. How could someone not do anything? It was a weak persons answer to the argument. Then, out of the blue, it struck me. We are always talking about bettering the world, getting rid of violence. Well, we are imitative creatures. We do what we see. How are the younger generation of people going to be nonviolent when all they see is violence. If, we dont start demonstrating nonviolent, peaceful acts, what are they going to imitate? We are presenting self-defense as an excuse. It is justifiable but only if you dont intend to kill the other person. This can be a very risky situation. When defending yourself or someone else, you are allowed violence as long as you didnt mean to kill the aggressor? What happens when you cant decipher the aggressor? Nothing should be taken away from the self-defense philosophy. It is understandable and ethical. It would be hard not to defend yourself from an attacker, or to help a loved one. But, it just seems to me that in todays world, we must reevaluate our morals. Self-defense takes

How to Write a Conclusion Paragraph for an Essay - Paperell

How to Write a Conclusion Paragraph for an Essay How To Write A Conclusion Paragraph For An Essay: Guidelines, Advices And Examples Students are rarely properly taught how to conclude an essay. Many even do not have an idea of what it really is. In fact, in case with any academic work, a final paragraph (conclusion) is a sort of a short summary of all thoughts and ideas that were discussed in your paper’s other sections. How should it look like? To write a strong conclusion paragraph, be sure to include your main argument that you want to get across to the reader. In a way, it should be similar to your introduction (though in different wording), but it should also add something to your essay, rather than simply reiterating your previous ideas. Below are a few points to consider. Your introductory paragraph should be your guide. If you start your essay with â€Å"History will remember the 20th century as the century of warfare due to the high number of conflicts that have taken place†, you might want to conclude your essay with â€Å"Even though the century of warfare ended almost two decades ago, t he world does not seem to have put an end to armed conflicts†. It is important to understand how to write an essay introduction. In longer academic papers, it is a good idea to look at what each paragraph was about, then you would go on to list or summarize what they have in common. For instance, when writing a conclusion for essays about sports where each paragraph was devoted to a different discipline, you can start with â€Å"Sports like football, tennis, and basketball are played all over our planet†. Leave an impression on your reader. Give a call to action with the sentence like â€Å"There’s a lot more to explore about sailing†. Also, you can suggest they do something after reading your paper: â€Å"It has never been easier to get in touch with your relatives. They are a few clicks away from you.† The main purpose of the conclusion is to wrap up your writing by briefly summarizing your main arguments for your reader. A smooth ending creates a wellsHow to make a perfect conclusion? To learn better, you need to see a good example or several examples of a conclusion: Topic: The Causes Of The Civil War â€Å"The debates related to the significance of different reasons that have caused the American Civil War can last for a long time. However, there is no reasons to argue that there were several factors that have influenced the secession of the South: state’s right, slavery, and election of a new president Abraham Lincoln, despite the fact that no Southern states have supported him. All of these reasons played a significant role. And what do we have now? Regardless of the fact that the Civil War took place about 150 years ago, some misunderstanding and contradictions between the North and South are still observed even in modern America.† Topic: What causes homelessness? Unfortunately, today it is not an odd situation to pass by a homeless person on the city’s streets. This is an overwhelming fact. Howeve r, if you dig deeper, you can discover that homelessness, in fact, is caused by a whole complex of reasons that also include lack of support from family, job loss, and lack of affordable living space. Despite this fact, many people feel comfortable thinking that this issue is caused by laziness or mental illnesses. However, there are many other factors to take into account. Thus, only when we see the whole scope of causes, our society can find a reasoned and effective solution to this matter, and make a change.†Writing a conclusion can be challenging. However, with the examples, tips, and recommendations provided in this article, you will easily cope with this section of your paper and make an outstanding final clause that will help you get the highest assessment!

Income Inequality and Globalisation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Income Inequality and Globalisation - Assignment Example Over the past decades, many economists have been debating and claiming that increasing degree of trade relations between developed and developing countries can be identified as one of the major aspects which gave rise in income inequality. Furthermore, economists have also argued that trade relations practiced within nations in the current day context are highly influenced by globalization trends and thereby, globalization can also be addressed as a vital reason for income inequality (Freeman, 1995). Where on one hand, the advantages of globalization can be identified as reduced trade barriers and implementation of modern technologies; conversely, its disadvantages can be identified as inequality in payment of wages to workers being grouped as skilled and unskilled. To be illustrated, implementation of modern technologies can be observed to play a vital role in reducing the demand for the unskilled workers in the global platform which is further giving rise to income inequality amid different economies (Batterson & Weidenbaum, 2006). Recent studies (Atkinson, 2003; Alderson & Nielsen, 2002; Sala-i-Martin, 2002), based on the understanding of this particular issue in the current day context, have revealed that nations react in a distinct manner towards controlling income inequality, fundamentally depending upon their divergent social as well as economic features. For instance, the current trends have revealed that the US, as a developed nation is also facing the problem of income inequality which has further been recorded to augment with significant rapidity over the past few decades. This particular issue, within the context of US business environment, can further be illustrated with reference to the distribution of the organizational wages i.e. in accordance with the rising significance of higher level officials such as the Chief Executive Officers and skilled managers in comparison to the ground level laborers or front desk employees. It is worth mentioning in this context that the recent trends depict a contin uous increment in the wages paid to the skilled employees designated in the decision-making or managerial positions, but contradictorily, it also reveals that the low-skilled workers are receiving lesser wages at a stagnant rate.

Scot's Law of Contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Scot's Law of Contracts - Essay Example The paper gives detailed information about contracts that are formed where all the concerned parties have arrived at an agreement. This is in terms of the stipulations of the contract and in willingness to see the contract out without duress. In legal terms, consensus in idem must be achieved for a contract to be deemed as binding. Not all terms in the contract must be agreed upon. However, the most essential ones must be agreed when the parties meet. Another tenet of the Scottish Law of Contracts is that it must not always be in writing. The Requirements of Writing Act 1995 clearly states that a contract must not always be written contrary to belief by people who are not essentially lawyers. The conduct of the parties, the spoken word or a combination of these may be used in the formation of a contract as much as the written word. The Scottish Law of Contracts requires that consensus in idem be reached. This means that regardless of the means that the contract was formed, there must be a consensus that was reached by the parties. It is possible for the parties in a contract to think that they have come to a consensus only for the court to overturn that belief. This is so especially when the parties think that they have reached an agreement only for the court to ask whether a reasonable person, given all the facts in the case would have acted in the same way. A contract has to have an agreement at least on the essential terms.... Additionally, she cannot claim that in court of law as ultimately, she would have to prove that a legally binding contract did indeed exist between her and the customer. The Scottish Law of Contracts requires that consensus in idem be reached. This means that regardless of the means that the contract was formed, there must be a consensus that was reached by the parties. It is possible for the parties in a contract to think that they have come to a consensus only for the court to overturn that belief. This is so especially when the parties think that they have reached an agreement only for the court to ask whether a reasonable person, given all the facts in the case would have acted in the same way. In this case, Arju was not under any obligation to heed the recommendations of the other customer as ultimately, she had not approached him but he had approached her. Therefore, a reasonable person would have pointed out that she was not under any obligation to buy the AK47 Watersquirt and hence no contract could have been made. As Arju’s lawyer, I would not advice her to sue the customer as there was no contract between him and her. Case A2 In this scenario, Arju comes across a sales assistant who is wearing the stores uniform and having a label â€Å"home decoration expert†. The assistant concedes that he does not have enough knowledge on power washers but states that the store only stocks the best appliances meaning that whichever she chose would do the job just right. Here, the assistant is in a legal capacity to enter into a contract with the customers on behalf of the store. Therefore, Arju had the guarantee that whichever power washer she chose would do the job that she required it to. As seen earlier, a