Colgate-Palmolive :: Business, Competitive Prices, Innovation

Companies are not able to succeed without having a strong branding and price strategy. Colgate-Palmolive has managed to build a strong brand name and offer competitive prices. Innovation is a key factor in the Colgate strategy. This paper will progress to a look at Colgate-Palmolives product positioning and life cycle. This paper will also discuss the branding relationships and pricing methods. Positioning and smell CycleAccording to Keller and Kotler (2009) positioning is the act of designing the confederacys offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the minds of the signal market. Colgate-Palmolive has remained a leader in the oral health care industry. The partnership has remained a leader by focusing on innovation. According to Sekar and Thomas (2008) throughout the past two decades, the development of new products has been a popular marketing strategy for many firms. The company hires marketers and consumer insight professionals to focus on market trends a nd guest insights (Drug Store News, 2008). The company uses the information found to develop new products to attract new customers. Innovation and communication has been at the heart of the companys proceeds strategy (Economic Times, 2011). Colgate-Palmolive offers a variety of products. They offer a line of oral health care products for any need. According to Checkout (2011) in difficult economic times Colgate has continued to offer the consumer the reassurance of a market leading brand at competitive prices and attractive promotions. The brand is one of the most trusted label in the oral health care industry. Having a large variety of recognized brands and products provide the company with a competitive advantage (Yahoo Finance, 2011).Since the company has a strong focus on innovation the company may see lower growth in sales when they release a new product. The company as a whole is in the maturity stage. The company has remained strong and steady so there has not be en much fluctuation. Product and Branding RelationshipsThe company focuses on what consumer trends and needs are. The company does extensive research to develop new products that customers will want. The companys focus on the consumer has helped the company become a familiar and trusted name. According to Chain Drug Review (2010) brand is an influential part of the shopping equation.

Grendel :: essays research papers fc

The clash between good and cruel has been a prominent theme in literature. The give-and-take presents the conflict between good and evil in the story of decade and Eve. Many authors use the scene in the Bible in which the snake taunts and tempts Adam and Eve to take a bite of the apple of knowledge to demonstrate the frailty of humankind. John Gardner provides these same biblical allusions of good and evil in his novel, Grendel. virtuoso of Grendels archenemies is the human. Humans refuse to look beyond Grendels unattractive exterior, and spend most of their days trying to kill Grendel. One night when Grendel is watch their mead hall, he sees them treating their sword-blades with snakes venom(Gardner 29). Another conflict between humans and serpents develops when Grendel is watching the Shaper for the first time. As he listens, he snatches up a snake from beside his foot(40), and holds it in his fist as he listens to the Shaper sing. The snake represents the deceptive weaving of history that the Shaper performs in Hrothgars mead hall. Grendel interacts with one of the priests, Ork, in the circle of Gods, by pretending to be the Great Destroyer. Ork predicts that the Great Destroyer will eventually fall, foreshadowing Grendels battle with Beowulf. Ork tells his baby buster priests about his conversation with the Great Destroyer, but they just look down at him as they would at a wounded snake(118). In Grendels eyes, all humans are evil, because they refuse to take the time to understand him. Because of this, Grendel battles the humans throughout the novel until one of them finally takes his life.The only human bold and strong enough to defeat Grendel was the powerful Geat, Beowulf. Grendel watches Beowulf and his band of Geats land their ships on the shores of Hrothgars kingdom. Grendel observes Beowulf speaking to the coastguard, and notices that Beowulfs eyes are slanted downward, never blinking, hardhearted as a snakes(135). Grendels observations about Beowulfs destructiveness are proven true as he engages in mortal flake with the Geat. When Beowulf takes hold of Grendels arm, Grendel feels as if Beowulfs fingers are charged like fangs with poison(148).After this battle, Grendels arm is pulled off at the socket, and he retreats to his undermine to die.Another human that attempted to defeat Grendel was the top man in Hrothgars hall, Unferth. During Grendels first encounter with Unferth, Grendel notices a table piled with glossy applesand an evil idea came over him (72).

Cigarette Advertising Essay example -- Marketing Tobacco

Truth Ab pop out Cigargontte AdvertisingTwo lithe, tanned bodies lazily languish near a limpid river. The heads of the two persons are thrown back in poses of a supremely confident nature. Their facial features, though, are indistinguishable amidst the ephemeral haze which envelops them. Curiosity piqued and intently surveying the scene, ace then notices the cigarettes dangling from the fingers of the pair. Advertisements such as this are now ubiquitous to the point of annoyance. These attempts to entice consumers to buy cigarettes are not simply trumped up exaggerations, as is the case with other products. Cigarette companies market their products with blatant lies. No one is shown with yellowed teeth or suffering from a hacking cough. Instead, smokers are always visualise as being in the pink of health. More alarmingly, smokers and smoking are perceived as being desirable. This perception has seemingly permeated every facet of universal culture. The sad truth today iscigarettes are coolMore overt instances of cigarette companies attempting to marry their products with images having positive connotations occurred in the first half of the twentieth century. Since then, however, the selling juggernauts of these organizations have become more adept at promoting their brands in nearly every sphere of public life. In the earlier times though, the principal regularity of product placement was via magazines. Here are two such magazine advertisements. Kool magazine advertisement circa 1940 Camels magazine advertisement circa 1950In the first picture, which was put out during the Second World War, cigarettes are linked with the badges of the United States Armed Forces. Here, Kool attempts to ride the wave of support for Americ... ...gturning all of us into potential cigarette addicts. I am of the firm opinion that legislature should be passed which prevents these companies from advertising in certain fields, particularly those pertaining to healthy pursuits such as sports. But, then again, these laws would have to be passed by many people who sit on the boards of, or had election campaigns funded by, cigarette companies. Those changes dont seem too likely, do they?Works CitedCigarettes Wikipedia excogitation Inc.1 Sep. 2006. Crary, David. Tobacco giants wage fight against state anti-smoking measures. Associated Press 13 Oct. 2006Haralambos, Michael. Sociology Themes and Perspectives. 3rd ed. London HarperCollins, 1991.Nocera, Joe. If Its Good for Philip Morris, Can It Also Be Good for Public wellness? New York Times 18 June. 2006 B46.

How religion was affected by Industrialization Essay -- Essays Papers

How religion was affected by industrialisation The Communist Manifesto smashing changes took place in the lives and work of people in several parts of the world, resulting from the development of the Industrial Revolution. Just before the outbreak of revolutionary violence in Paris imputable to the consequences of industrialization, Karl Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto. He saw this revolutionary violence as the opening episode of a worldwide communist revolution.1 There was no such(prenominal) revolution, however the communist ideals had been brought about and had taken a toll on society. The relationship between economic development and Communist party strength is significant. as well the significance of religion during this period had changed in large part due to this communist revolution. Marxs concentration to radical social change and atheism was revolve during industrialization. Labor was of such demand that even priests were converted into paid wage-laborers. The Communist Manifesto states, All that is holy is profaned, and man is at last compelled to face with grim senses, his real conditions of life.2 Industrialization caused many great changes economically as well as socially. France was dramatically different in many aspects after this revolution. Industrialization caused the communist revolution which in turn caused religious issues in France. The Industrial Revolution was a time in western cultures when the production of goods became urbanized. Spreading from Great Britain, industrialization had become widespread in Western Europe by the mid-1800s. France, in particular, progressed in the industrialization process from about 1830 to 1850. Industrialization created an enormous augment in th... ...vided by World Book Online, http//www.discoveryschool.com/homeworkhelp/worldbook/atozhistory/i/27588.html (25 October 2001)7. Peter N. Stearns, The Impact of the Industrial Revolution (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey P rentice-Hall, Inc., 1972) 126, 127, 92-48. John H. Kautsky, Communism and the Politics of tuition (New York John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1968) 109. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, (Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000) http//www.dictionary.com (25 October 2001)10. John H. Kautsky, Communism and the Politics of Development (New York John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1968) 185, 18611. Lawrence J. Flockerzie and Dennis M. Doyle, The Manifesto of the Communist Party in Sources from the Humanities, trans. by Samuel Moore (Chicago Charles H. Kerr Publishing Company, 1989) 40

Does The State Overstep Its Legitimate Function When It Prohibits Abortion :: essays research papers

Whether abortion is immoral or not, the state oversteps its received course when it prohibits abortions.Heres whyWhen the state oversteps its boundaries and prohibits abortions it is denying our personal freedoms. We ache the right to choose our own religions, jobs, schools and many other examples. But why stomach we not choose to have a baby aborted if we feel its necessary. For example, if a young lady in high school unfortunately gets pregnant, she should be able to make the decision to either have the baby or decide that shes not ready to birth a child and have it aborted. Some people might say she should not have that choice, but who are they to make that decision.In another case were the state oversteps it legitimate function when it prohibits abortions, is when a woman has been raped. With this circumstance should the woman be forced to have a kid that she did not want in the first place? If a woman is raped she should be able to choose an abortion because she was violat ed and has had a personal freedom taken from her already.Some people might say, Its not that we dont like abortion, its the issue of safety. There have been cases of people dying or having serious medical problems due to the abortion procedure. Even with laws in place giving guidelines to doctors on the procedure, some doctors or unlicensed doctors still could injure a person, or even kill them. To think back that is ludicrous, because a person could go to a licensed doctor that has statistics of his procedures.Other people might say that abortion is murder. Abortion is the killing of a sustenance that is starting to develop into a human being. With this circumstance, abortion should be treated as a crime and a punishment for that crime should be given.

Does The State Overstep Its Legitimate Function When It Prohibits Abortion :: essays research papers

Whether abortion is immoral or not, the state oversteps its legitimate function when it prohibits abortions.Heres whyWhen the state oversteps its boundaries and prohibits abortions it is denying our personal freedoms. We mother the right to choose our own religions, jobs, schools and many other examples. But why can we not choose to receive a baby aborted if we feel its necessary. For example, if a young lady in high school unfortunately gets pregnant, she should be able to make the decision to either have the baby or decide that shes not ready to birth a child and have it aborted. Some people might say she should not have that choice, however who are they to make that decision.In another case were the state oversteps it legitimate function when it prohibits abortions, is when a woman has been raped. With this circumstance should the woman be forced to have a kid that she did not want in the first place? If a woman is raped she should be able to choose an abortion because she was violate and has had a personal freedom taken from her already.Some people might say, Its not that we dont like abortion, its the issue of safety. on that point have been cases of people dying or having serious medical problems due to the abortion procedure. Even with laws in place giving guidelines to doctors on the procedure, some doctors or unlicensed doctors still could injure a person, or even kill them. To think that is ludicrous, because a person could go to a licensed doctor that has statistics of his procedures. other(a) people might say that abortion is murder. Abortion is the killing of a life that is starting to develop into a human being. With this circumstance, abortion should be tough as a crime and a punishment for that crime should be given.

Peter Singer, The Visible Man analysis Essay

In a state, it is all important(p) that the establishment has less privacy than the bulk so that the government does not acquire too much(prenominal) power, this is beca ingestion democracies be only possible when the state are in power, the ripe(p) to privacy leads to power, and republican governments answer to the people, so the people should be able to monitor their government. In The Visible Man, Singer insinuates that internet surveillance technology may help democracy to undulate, because it can help the population monitor the government and corporate entities.It is true that access to information on the government is important. Singer also suggests that the government should use social media to surveil citizens because being watched may cause us to act ethically. I disagree with that assertion, because the government is not a person, it is a power coordinate that must not be allowed secrecy, lest it use its power for the wrong purposes. It is important that the ci tizens watch the government closely in order to prevent tyranny.Read more(prenominal) Constitution mini q answers essayA true democracy is only possible when most of the population has control over the government. If the government abuses its power by ignoring the will of the people, then a democracy is impossible. Democracies are a rare occurrence because of the tendency of corrupt people to seek power. It is therefore extremely important for the members of a democracy to maintain ever vigilant regarding their government. If the government had a right to privacy, it would be impossible for the citizens to watch for signs of tyranny or corruption. When the people are blind to the actions of their government, the government is precondition free reign to enact oppressive laws, abusive foreign policies, ecologically unsound corporate regulations, etcetera.The right to privacy leads to power. In order to empower the population of a nation, they must have the freedom to act without fea r of being abused by those in power. When the government is given too much power to see intothe lives of the people, it tends to abuse this power and use it to hunt down petty criminals and innocent people who give them an excuse to agitate them of breaking a law. Laws are not inherently moral, and breaking laws is not inherently immoral. Laws exist because the government wants them to, but if the people choose to be civilly disobedient by breaking laws that they feel are oppressive, they should be able to feel safe doing so. For instance, the war on drugs has harmed many innocent people.Drug addicts are not helped by going to dispose for life, they need to be rehabilitated and led how to live a healthy life. Addictive substances are a social occupation not a moral failure of the people who fall victim to addiction. The government punishes people with the disease of addiction in incredibly abusive ways. When photograph cocaine was first introduced, the sentencing for possession o f crack was ten times that of cocaine. This was based on an unscientific claim that crack was ten times as terrible as powder cocaine. Due to this fluke, there are still people serving life sentences in prison for succumbing to a cheap addiction. This is an example of the governments failure to use its power constructively. If the people feel the need to withhold information from the government in order to avoid unfair punishment, I believe we have that right. The government does not have the right to pry into our lives and find all of our hot activities because illegality does not equate to immorality.In Saudi Arabia, it is illegal for women to leave their homes without being accompanied by a man. Does this mean that the government has a right to arrest women for being unaccompanied? In doing so they hold the autonomy of their citizens and violate human rights. Similarly, our government arrests teenagers for smoking marijuana, putting these youths at a disadvantage by giving the m criminal records, getting them kicked out of school, and interrupting their studies with jail or prison time. In Texas, a teenage boy faced life in prison for baking cannabis oil into brownies. The authorities counted the broad(a) weight of the brownies as marijuana, rather than measuring the amount of oil that he used to bake them.Because there was flour, sugar, milk, chocolate, eggs, and other ingredients in the brownies, the weight was enough to push him with a life sentence if it had all been marijuana. This law was put into place to prevent drug dealers from hauling huge amounts of marijuana, and the government is using it to ruin a young boys life. These are examples of thegovernments misuse of power, and why the people must at all costs deny the government of too much power. Democratic governments answer to the people, are owned by the people, and are funded by the people. A democratic government is a service to which the people subscribe, and move over a yearly fee to k eep in place. Because the government is owned by the people, the citizens have a right to hold out what the government is doing.Hiding federal activities from the people is un delightful, because those activities are funded by taxes, which are paid by the people. If it is acceptable for the federal government to withhold information from taxpayers, then it should be acceptable for us to refuse to pay taxes. Why would we subscribe to a service if we are unaware of what it is that they do? We should not be required to pay for something if we do not know what we are paying for. Residents of a democratic nation have the right to sousveillance a term coined by Singer. However, the government should not have that same right when it comes to surveilling the population. Social media should remain a free forum to express political opinions, expose injustice, converse with friends, and share experiences without fear of the government.The only reason it would be acceptable to violate someone s right to privacy, is if they are seriously suspected of harming another individual, because when someone violates anothers rights, their rights become null and void. It is important for the people to watch the government to prevent tyranny, and it is important for the government to allow its citizens privacy to allow open and free communication. The reasons for this dynamic are the fact that democracies only flourish when the people are in control of the government, the right to privacy leads to power that the government has abused in the past, and the people should have the right to monitor the entity to which they pay taxes. In all, democracy is difficult to maintain and requires the civic involvement of its citizens, or else tyranny is likely to ensue.

Deontological ethics Essay

Attempting to explain the differences and similarities of virtue theory, utilitarianism and deontological is basically from my own understanding of each. I am having much difficulty interpret the materials as well as sitting at this computer for any length of time. I believe my reading visual is deteriorating at a rapid pace because of the straining to my eyes. Virtue ethics focuses on a persons character and morals. This person exit always try to do what is salutary because he was taught at an early age and by someone he loves and wants to always please by doing the rightly thing, regardless of the consequences. Utilitarianism focuses on the consequences of your actions.What I mean by that is that if you steal something and not get caught, there are no consequences. No one knows that you stole and then you do not have to answer to anyone but yourself. Deontology focuses on the outcome of the act whether right or wrong. The person steals food from a grocery fund because his chi ldren are hungry and he does not have the money to buy food. Although it is his responsibility to feed his children, stealing is clearly wrong.The consequences did not matter at that token time he did what he felt he had to do. Recently there was an incident on my route where a woman called in to my job and conveyed to my A-one that I was talking about Jesus on the bus and she was offended. I was called in and reprimanded and told not to speak about religion on the bus.My response to her was, is that right? Quite a few of my regular passengers know that I am a minister and talk to me regularly about the Bible, Jesus and the Christian faith. base on the virtue ethics, I was taught to speak the word of God in season and out of season, when it is time or easy and when it is not a effectual time or hard. This is my first and most important job and regardless of the consequences, I will continue to preach the word and pray for anyone who desires to hear it. I will always try to pleas e Jesus in whatever I do.

Cash Buget Essay

The money BudgetOne of the major functions of corporate finance is to anticipate the need for funds in the company. Although there be some(prenominal) methods for forecasting these needs, the cash budget is the most accurate (and most commonly used) method available. Cash flows by means of a company interchangeable water flows through a pipe. (See the cash flow pipeline.) A cash budget essentially maps out these cash flows and indicates the period in which they will occur. Cash budgeting, at its core, is a very simple procedure that simulates cash flowing through a company.If we can accurate estimate (1) the amounts and (2) the timing of these cash flows, then we can as well estimate whether the company will experience a shortage of cash (or an excess of cash) during any given month. The primary cash inflows for a company comprise of (1) cash sales and (2) collection of accounts receivable. An accurate sales forecast is a necessity if we be to construct an accurate cash budge t. If we then know the footing that we sell on (2/10, net 30, for example) and the past payment experience of our customers, we can estimate the amount and timing of these collections. The primary cash outflows are generally (1) payments on purchases, (2) labor costs, and (3) capital purchases (i.e., fixed assets). Other large payments may include rent, taxes, and These and other cash outflows must be estimated as to the amount and timing of the payments. professional Forma StatementsIt is also useful to know what the companys income statement will look like for the forecasted period and what the balance sheet will look like at the abate of the forecasted period. If either of these two statements show weaknesses, we can plan now to take steps that will prevent these deficiencies from occurring. Fortunately, cash budgets and pro forma statements are easily programmed using electronic spreadsheets like Microsoft Excel. This is especially handy since cash budgets involve a large numb er of relatively simple calculations.SpreadsheetsCash budgets are usually placed on an electronic spreadsheet, where data may be entered and updated frequently. The two spreadsheets below are examples of spreadsheets for 3-month and 12-month planning periods.An IllustrationLets contract a sample cash budgeting problem, with its solution. An explanation of how the numbers are determined may be seen by clicking on the appropriate links in the resolve section of this page.A SAMPLE PROBLEMGlenda Byers has gathered the data below needed for the preparation of a cash budget for the months of October, November, and December. SALES (Actual sales for imposing and September, forecasted sales for October February) August $ 45,000 September 54,000 October 65,000 November 75,000 December 93,000 January 71,000 February 55,000 Based on the past history and current credit terms offered by her firm, Glenda has estimated the following payment agenda for sales 25% of total sales will be cas h sales 60% of total sales will be collected in the month following the sale 15% of total sales will be collected in the second month following the sale . (Note get that since the three above collections total 100%, no bad debts on accounts receivable are anticipated. If we anticipated a 2% bad debt rate, we could change the 15% number above to 13%. We would then be anticipating that we would collect only 98% of the total sales.)PURCHASESThe companys markup on chronicle is two-thirds of the cost (e.g. a $40 profit on an item which cost $60.) In other words, the cost of the merchandise is 60% of the final selling price. The firm purchases enough inventory to cover sales one month in the future. Based on current creditterms, Glenda expects the following repayment schedule 12% of purchases are compensable for in cash78% are compensable one month following the purchase, and10% are paid for two months after the purchase.EXPENSES (per month, unless otherwise noted) owe Payment $ 2,30 0 Wages and Salaries 3,200 Lease Payments 750 Capital purchases (to be purchased in October) 7,600 Property Taxes (to be paid in December) 11,800 Other Expenses (%) 10% of sales FURTHER ASSUMPTIONS1. Cash* As of October 1st, the firm has $3,000 in its checking account at the bank.* The firm desires to have a minimum cash balance of $3,000 at all times.2. Loan development* As of October 1st, the companys loan balance was $2,000. * The companys bank requires that interest be paid each month. The interest to be paid is the interest due on the previous months loan balance. The interest rate is 1.0% per month on the outstanding balance at the end of the previous month. 3. Fixed Assets The firm depreciates all capital equipment purchases over a five-year period using the straight line method. 4. Minimum inventory The firm keeps $30,000 of base hit stock on hand at all times.

Case Study of Architect Perumal

Ar. Perumal has considers range from inventioning, managing and oversing solid waste thermic works, instruction inst bothations, commercial and industrial edifice and retail mercantile establishments. His professional experience occupied him in the shape and supervising of building undertakings in Malaysia were non needfully trained in a separate architecture plan in an academic scene. Alternatively, he is trained under established designers. Prior to his battle in Architecture, there is a distinguishable theory and under stand up behind his political orientation and pass water in his attack, his squad of applied scientists and his client, and the experient that he used varied depending on geographical location. Therefore, his house engaged him in pull stringsing a design via the basic construct of design, geographically incorporate and reacting to the clime on spot. This is what chance on Ar. Perumal particular in the field of Architecture.ARCHITECTURAL THEORYAr. Perumal des igned for the largest hypermarket concatenation in Malaysia, the Mydin Hypermarket and storage warehouse distribution bosom in USJ. The distribution centre design and building was overseen by the Mydin adviser squad with regard to timely completion of the plants during the building works. However, to batten the quality of the building, the plants were sub contracted under NSC for better pricing and quality plants under a Main Contractor. In this building, the design, finance, and legal facets is taken inconsiderateness by Ar. Perumal. Hence, the design is non merely structurally appropriate for the usage and location, it is design in regard to the fiscal demands and legality of the site. Hence, the construction is integrated into the surrounding by planing in a unit of ammunition model of Architecture. Besides, as efficiency of the edifice has caught the eyes of his client, Ar Perumal implements his construct of Architecture and building cognition to plan this edifice. His houses provided a field on the diminishedting border of the newest methods of building intended to better efficiency, public impartation and overall theory of the edifice.In facets of design theory, Ar. Perumal, besides know as an designer who systematically pushes the ecological facet in his architectural design manner, this pushes the ability to plan by stressing the environmental impact of the edifice in relation to the site context of Mydin. This lead to the new boundary country outside the reinforced country which is influenced by the ecology, which test the bounds of his ecological theory. This so lead to a heightened grasp for the diverseness of ecological phenomena in an urban context, theoretical and analytically legit attacks to the design of the site. Hence, the arrangement and orientation of the edifice are all appropriate which is so influenced by the penchant of the client. Hence, this creates an empirical endless which made the site sustainable and reduces pollution duri ng building.Harmonizing to Ar. Perumal on his design of Mydin, he mentioned that his work experiments with houses to be sustainable, of course from land, embodied with ecological design such as H2O comes straight from land without JPA and it is self-sustainable. However, an off-grid power supply is non seen in Mydin. Hence, in this instance abide by of Mydin, sustainability is seen on how his arrangement of data point of systems remain diverse and productive which is present in his floor programs. The facade designs are illustrations of an reading of an individuality which is present in the Malayan tradition. In more general footings, his construct of sustainability is embedded in the endurance and individuality devising of systems and processes to how a human interact with the infinite within the edifice. This so forms the base rule for Mydin design which includes the four distinctive honours on its lift. It is the ecological, economic, societal and civilization perceptual experi ence of the Mydin Hypermarket.Architect Perumal sustainable design is besides to chair in usage of stuffs, energy and development infinite. Besides, it minimized the negative environmental impact of edifices by efficiency. Hence, the development of Mydin supermarket shows an attack to plan in architecture uses a witting attack to energy and ecological preservation in design of the environment. Preservation of ones wellness and soundness, give tongue to Architect Perumal is a definition that is extracted from a book he read, an action to conserver bing status in any signifier and by any agencies is necessary for a sustainable attack on Earth. He wants his development of solutions to protect the ways of Earths biological diverseness in the urban context and he starts with the design of the Mydin supermarket.GeographyThe 2nd factor which influences Ar. Perumal is the geographical factor. As known the Mydin Hypermarket is located which is a sub urban context about 20km of the metropol is centre of Kuala Lumpur. It local context consist of leisure, diversion, lodging down all the manner to industrialise country. Facing, Persiaran Subang Permai, it is strategically located in the commercial territory of USJ. Hence, the edifice responded to the biggest despatch nearby which is the Lebuhraya Shah Alam. This makes both site context and the industries branding to hold a important impact alongside Persiaran Subang Permai. The survey on site which is done by Ar. Perumal, surveyed a evaluation for across five classs for this site experience. To be induced into the community of USJ instead than a edifice standalone on site. The intent is to make an termination end for the community in footings of permeableness of advertisement and apposition of the edifice to assist the client in warranting their place as a premium var. list beginning as a hypermarket.Besides, planing Mydin via site context had been slippery plenty. It is needed to react to the nearby Segi College S ubang Jaya which locates beside the Giant hypermarket. Hence, this made it interesting an interesting hostile feeling thought by Ar. Perumal. Hence, he obtained information through the signifier of infographic while planing to geography, the informations and picture taking on site which assisted him in design via site context which made it possible to hike the visibleness of Mydin. Hence, the survey came in many signifiers such as head function, aerial imagination, and local issue which deemed the angle of gap of the Mydin Hypermarket in USJ. Ar. Perumal besides emphasized the mapmaking ability of an designer must be strong plenty to understand the symbols and gestures of the site which made it more alive instead than a dead piece of land for an designer. The arrangement of the burden bay and the front lift is reasonably a behavioural psychological science that induces clients to map their motion inside and outside the edifice base ones perceptual experience.Ar Perumal believes th at a design is controlled by the clime. Which the clime which so transform the signifier to either protect from or reap the natural force of Mother Nature. Hence, the incorporation of Mydin into the USJ site will take chances what workss will turn at that place for spirt design, and how people will see it. However, he did non acquire a opportunity to plan a green roof for Mydin. Despite all that, Ar Perumal take in the three constituents to his green design attack which is the climatic response, workss and animate beings which are interwoven to make the cloth of a biome. Hence, the sunglight, north point and rainfall of USJ is of import to play with the materiality and gaps of the edifice on site.ClimateTaking in consideration of the site, USJ has a tropical rain forest clime with no dry season. The country within 25 stat mis of this station is covered by croplands ( 73 % ) , oceans and seas ( 12 % ) , shrublands ( 9 % ) , and woods ( 5 % ) which have an mean day-to-day high tempe rature during May. This controls the gap and design of Mydin entranceway itself. Besides, the consideration of cold season during November to January takes no consequence to the edifice design as the mean tropical Malayan temperature is more or less the same throughout the whole twelvemonth. Therefore, doing it a significant edifice standing alongside the chief streets of USJ.While taking in consideration of the edifice scientific disciplines in USJ, Ar Perumal plays with the decrease of urban heat island consequence. He wants to cut down the hazard to human wellness in the built environment which is to cut down the consequence of it by take downing the temperature. At times, the site can confront a H2O deficit yarn as a consequence of reduced rainfall and seeks to counter it with environmental friendly methods. Hence, he proposed systems of options for extenuating clime alteration and their implicit in technological, economic and institutional demands to his client. This cut down t he hazards, its uncertainness and ethical foundations of clime alteration extenuation on the site. He farther investigates extenuation steps for all major sectors and buttockss investing and finance issues so that it does non impact the verve and productiveness of the edifice itself.Ar Perumal captures value for his plants in Mydin for an promotion in his acknowledgment to originate the thrust and lucidity of the design to convey sure transparence of the market place. Therefore, assisting his client to back up their market place without jeopardizing the environment. As the alterations of the reinforced environment poses new menace to the climatic conditions subconciously, the enterprise to protect yet doing a gratifying reinforced experience without giving an aesthetically delighting edifice is tough but it is a challenge by the designer during his design phase of the Mydin Hypermarket.The character of our landscapes, as a fastening clime impacts upon environmental, cultural, socie tal and economic factors which shape this character impacting the verve and productiveness of flora.MentionAverage Weather For Subang Jaya, Malaysiahypertext transfer protocol //weatherspark.com/averages/34046/Subang-Jaya-Selangor-Malaysia

Mental health programs Essay

Community considerablyness programs based in performes have been highly successful, although occasionally confound and stressful for pastors to administer. However, it is not only physical health programs which have thrived intellectual health and chemical dependency programs are an important supplement to perform ministry and f sayrnity service. Thompson and McRae argue that the sour church service itself stretch forths a positive therapeutic effect to its congregation, even without a formal affable health ministry in place.They discuss the historical basis for the erosive churchs creation of community the creation of the we group quite an than the individual I and the need for belonging with a group, rather than to a group (41). They state Embedded within the individual were past experiences, traditions, values, and norms for emotions, cognitions, and behaviors conducive to relatedness and interpersonalness that reflected a collective sense of belonging with rather tha n to, caring, similar others (Thompson & McRae, 41). The B deficiency church, in Thompson and McRaes view, has gived a bridge for the gap surrounded by the historic slave experience and the modern B lose experience which helps ease the mental convert between worlds, and created a framework for dealing with hostility. They state The Black church nurtures the survival of its members through providing a set upive, caring environment to facilitate an ever-widening upward turn of positive cognitive, affective and behavioral outcomes for growth and change (Thompson & McRae, 46). While the mere fact of church fellowship has a positive effect on its members, Black church involvement in formal mental health ministry programs has a significant impact on its members as well. white-hot discussed the greatness of mental health complaint within the church setting. They state that there are four areas of community premeditation considered most effective in the church setting. These are p rime care delivery, mental health, health promotion and disease promotion and health policy.Their review of studies underscored the importance of natural helpers (friends and extended family), lay helpers and most especially church leaders in the delivery of mental health care through an informal care system. Blank discussed the state of mental health care in the rural South in the 1970s the population was discovered by researchers studying psychiatric utilization and morbidity in the area to be underserved, patronage the general view that rural life was superior to urban.The problems contributing to low psychiatric utilization are complex problems with service delivery, low quality of care (especially among minority patients) and lack of set uprs are entangled with accessible stigma surrounding psychiatric care, economic and sociable factors, geographic distance from providers, poverty, race and class issues to create a morass of issues a patient must slog through to acquire psyc hiatric care.Blank notes that at the time of the study, most counties lacked a star doctoral-level mental health professional only 3% of licensed psychiatrists practice in the rural South, a number which has not changed significantly since the 1970s. In add-on to the socioeconomic issues with receiving psychiatric care in the rural South, there are further problems relating to doctor-patient relations.Some theorists state that white mental health care providers cannot provide optimal care to Black patients because of their lack of knowledge and understanding of Black history and culture, as well as a lack of understanding of the clog of being Black in a white world furthermore Black patients are less likely to trust white care providers collectible to racial tensions and differences in worldview (Blank , 1668). Instead, Black patients are considered to have a likeence for Black care providers.While some studies have shown that Black patients do prefer Black care providers, state d reasons for this preference are a perception of greater professional competence and attitude, as well as racial and pagan compatibility (Blank , 1668). Blank emphasize the importance of sensitivity and cultural competence it can lead to a greater understanding of non-normative minority behavior as well as an increase in trust levels between provider and patient which increase the possibility of a successful outcome.Blank discusses the cultural responsiveness hypothesis, which states that the speciality of psychotherapy is directly related to the therapists ability to communicate an understanding of the patients cultural background. Lack of this cultural responsiveness top executive account for some of the racial divide in diagnosis, treatment and premature termination of treatment observed between Black and white psychiatric patients (Blank, 1669).Blank hypothesized that rural churches provide fewer social and mental health services than urban churches, and that they have fewer links with the formal care system furthermore, because of the importance of the church in the Black community and the historic exclusion of Black from formal care systems (schools, mental health services, etc), Black churches would provide more social and mental health services than white churches, but with fewer links to the formal care system (1669).Blank tested their theory using a phone survey of Black and white church leaders in both rural and urban areas in the South (defined in their study as Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missisippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia (Blank, 1670)). A total of 2,867 churches were targeted, with a total of 269 completed interviews, or an overall participation rate of just under 10% (Blank, 1670). folksy Black churches, the targeted demographic, were actually least likely to participate in the study, with only a one in fourteen survey completion rate the researchers cited lack of full- time staff creating difficulties reaching church leaders and a high rate of church leader refusal as factors in this low completion rate (Blank, 1670).The researchers discussed topics such as church demographics, including size and racial composition of the congregation, number of services held and attendance at the services, the church budget and founding date problems the churchs congregants faced that the church leader considered to be most important specific questions about mental health services provided by the church or church leader, including such issues as depression, paranoia, nervous breakdown, dementia and Alzheimers disease and attempted suicideWhat type of support services were offered formally by the church to deal with these types of issues and what links to the formal care system, including hospitals, care providers and support services like Alcoholics Anonymous existed, and if links existed to what level church leaders provided referrals to the formal care system ( Blank, 1669).The researchers then constructed four different scales on which to rank the churches Problems, which quantified the degree to which responding churches dealt with mental health problems over the previous two years Programs for Adults, which quantified the number of mental health programs offered by the church, including those dealing with alcohol and substance abuse, marital counseling, sex education and counseling, domestic violence and sexual assaultPrograms for Children, which quantified programs specifically aimed at support for children, including individual and family support services and finally Programs for Teenagers, which quantified programs specifically aimed at support for teens. Referrals, both in and out, were also quantified (Blank, 1670). Statistical depth psychology using factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the correlation between the varying factors.The researchers found some surprising differences in funding when adjuste d for congregation size, rural white churches had substantially larger budgets than rural Black churches, and urban Black churches also had significantly larger budgets than the rural Black churches (Blank, 1670). However, both urban and rural Black churches were shown to offer significantly higher numbers of mental health programs overall than their white counterparts. There were no statistically significant variables in the study of links between referrals, but the modal response among churches overall was 0, indicating that all churches tend to lack links with the formal care system (Blank, 1671).Blank extrapolate concerning the possible reasons for lack of links between the formal care system and the informal care system provided by churches. They note that one of the difficulties may be historical in nature because churches are often divided among racial and ethnic lines, there may be barriers to connection between the formal care system and churches precipitated by racial and ethnic tensions.Additionally, because churches have played a role as a political entity in the past, there may be lingering social tensions between churches and formal care systems which prevent these roles. (Blank, 1671). Another barrier may be the different paradigms of the formal care system and the church regarding the nature, causes and treatment of mental health problems.

Case Study Research Essay

Case One Barsz v. Max Shapiro, Inc. Ind. Ct. App. 600 N.E.2d 151 (1992) Fact Marjorie Barsz brought negligence action against Shapiros Delicatessen Cafeteria to remember for personal injuries sustained when she slipped and fell, breaking her right ankle and left knee cap. Her husband, Carl Barsz brought action against the restaurant for loss of consortium with his wife due to Mrs. Barszs injuries. The electric circuit Court of Shelby County granted compendious judgment for the restaurant, and the plaintiffs appealed. The Court of Appeals of Indiana, First District held that genuine issues of material facts existed and reversed the summary judgment. Issue Was Shapiros Delicatessen Cafeteria thoughtless in identifying and remedying the condition of the floor in the restaurant, causing Marjorie Barszs accident? Rule GOLBA v. KOHLS DEPT. STORE, INC. Ind. Ct. App. 585 N.E.2d 14 (1992)Analysis To avoid summary judgment, Marjorie Barsz had to show that in that respect was a defective c ondition in the floor of the restaurant which caused her slip and fall, and that the restaurant unreasonably failed to discover and remedy the hazardous condition. Genuine material facts existed which precluded summary judgment for the restaurant. Summary judgment is generally inappropriate in negligence cases. Trial Procedure Rule 56(C) Conclusion A restaurant can non be held strictly liable for a fall that occurred before having a reasonable chance to remove a foreign substance from its floor restaurant as not the absolute guarantor of customer safety. However, summary judgment cannot be granted when a genuine material fact exists.Case Two Golba v. Kohls Dept. Store, Inc. Ind. Ct. App. 585 N.E.2d 14 (1992) Facts Plaintiff Stella Golba brought negligence action against defendant Kohls Department Store stemming from a slip and fall accident. Ms. Golba stepped on a small object on a glossy floor, causing her to trip and fall. The floor had except been swept once on the morning of t he accident. The Circuit Court of Starke County granted the stores motion for summary judgment, and the plaintiff appealed. The Court of Appeals of Indiana, Third District held that material issues of fact existed and reversed the summary judgment. Issue Was Kohls Department Store absorbed in maintaining their floors in a safe condition for patrons? Rule BURRELL v. MEADS Ind. 569 N.E.2d 637 (1991)Analysis A land owner is subject to liability for physical harm caused to his invitees by a condition on the land if, but only if, he knows or exercising reasonable care would discover the condition, and should realize that it is an unreasonable insecurity of harm to invitees, and should expect that they will not realize the danger, or will not protect themselves against it, and fails to exercise reasonable care to protect them against the danger. Normally, determining whether the army has exercised reasonable care to make their premises safe for an invitee is a question of fact for a ju ry. Conclusion Sweeping of a floor only once in the morning does not constitute exercise of reasonable care to prevent injury to customers from objects left in the floor. The issue of fact as to whether the store had notice of the object in the floor precluded a summary judgment.

Lake effect snow in areas east of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie

The effect of lake effect coke has increasing been snarl by residents of cities east side of Lakes Ontario and Lake Erie. Areas surrounding these great lakes evict attest to the fact that amount of snowfall each year increases causing devastating damages to the livelihood of city residents in Buffalo, Rochester Watertown and Syracuse. These effects are felt more by these areas since they lie on the leeward sides. During winter days, the snow surface freighter raise to as high as 1200cm. In such extreme cases, recreational activities, schooling agriculture and other economic activities bring been profoundly incapacitated (Rosenfeld, 2000).The major explanation that has been underpinned to increase lake effect snowfall is globular warming caused by emissions of green gases. This paper makes a summary of the proposed project which is an analysis of the lake effect snowfall in cities east side of lakes Ontario and lake Erie, by outlining the mixed data and methodological analysi ss, interpretation tools and reasons why the steps will be crucial to achieving objectives of this proposed research.IntroductionThe scientific explanation behind snowfall production is a understandably understood topic at least to most scientists however, the lake effect snow that happens over great lakes in the USA remains a mystery. However, Numerous studies stand found a strong correlation between the strength of lake-effect snow and the degree to which the annul changes direction with height in the lower atmosphere. Thus, the minimizations of directional sophisticate shear is considered to be an excellent predictor of LES snowfall rates and intensity. In general, when we think about wind direction and lake-effect snow, the first thing that comes to mind is bugger off and how it affects lake-effect snow.Assuming that there is sufficient number of cases, one may examine how other variables affect lake-effect snow when fetch remains the same. An example is studying how wind u pper berth affects snowfall for a given fetch. The purpose of this project is to establish the extent of lake effect snow in Lake Erie and Ontario and its effect to Metropoliation Buffalo and Rochester along with the eastern cities on the eastern end of Lake Ontario.Background study.The scientific explanations advanced about lake effect snow is cold air masses that originate from Canada wipe out low water subject area which is warmed up and moistened as it passes over the Great lakes thereby creating lower atmospheric instability and upward motion. As a result, friction between the bring down winds land surfaces, upslope flow of winds cause boundary layer turbulence, and hence the LES (Dewey 1979). Lake effect snow is used to describe snowfall that occurs during the winter months and falls due to the mix of cold air and warm air from lakes as winds cross over water masses of the great lakes. (Niziol, 1987) The manifestation of this contact between cold occurs in localized manner .This is because the snowfalls are not wind driven. Thus, it is possible to find clear skies in one area surrounding great lakes and another covered with threatening snow downpour. It is crucial for residents of area surrounding great lakes to be able to predict when a snow burst is likely to strike. Although nature can be difficult to predict, climatologic have made some headways into techniques useful for prediction purposes say. Studying synoptic scale weather pattern, study of temperature of water surfaces wind direction and vivify changes in wind direction with height and so on.The visible effect of these IES is heavy snowfall in surrounding areas of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. It winter periods, the areas around these great lakes can experience a one-day snowfall of up to 175 cm belatedly or 300cm on a span of five days. In extreme cases 1200 cm, deep snow has been reported in areas like New York (Dewey, 1979). Wintertime in these areas is often a disaster due to the dramat ic results of lake effect snowfall. Meteorologists have uttered concern over increase of lake effect snowfall in areas surrounding Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Leather et al (1996) proposes that 30% to 60% of the increased instance of lake enhance snowfall increase has accrued from increased frequency of synoptic weather that is conducive for lake effect snowfall in cities east of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie.However, the proposal advanced by lash is elusive because it does not submit the reason behind the rise of synoptic weather in the first place. As seen in the formation of lakes effect lakes have a profound influence an adding to the amount of snow fall lake Ontario is a huge water mass and he warm air that rises and the moisture capability from it also contributes to rise in lake effect snowfall. In order to evaluate the extent of the effect of lake effect snow in cities east of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie it is important to have sufficient data to support itData and methodology This project focuses on the areas east of Lake Ontario and Erie as well as Buffalo and Rochester. In order to get the relevant data, a sample of 300 metrological stations located in these areas will be used. The stations for the sample will be ones that have weather records date back to 30 to 40 years ago. The records must be accurate and documented on a monthly basis. The methodology of data collection shall be interviews with residents of cities around great lakes east of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. The purpose behind interviewing them is to get a feel of how they experience the dramatic effects of lake snow effect.The sample selection methodology will be selective meaning only resident who have linked in the cities for more than 30 years. The meteorological departments will be chosen in each city east of the lakes Ontario and Erie because different cities experience lake effect snowfalls at varied degree. Data collected by the NOAA will be considered. Recordings of wind speeds collected in the past 30-40 years will also be crucial. On average snow effect, snow occurs during months of November through to April. The frequency of snowfall has increased while the rainfall frequency has declined in the past 30 years dating back to 1970 thrugh to 2001.The data from NOAA also shows that the intensity of snowfall has risen owe to the increased events of precipitation. Data will be from metrological stations and key components that will be looked for are total cold season snowfall set collected over the period stated, statistic on the negative impacts of increased lake effect snowfall in areas east side of lake Ontario and lake Erie, documented changes in weather mode and precipitation sped and so on. Evaluation of the data will use simple arithmetic methods such as mean modes standard divergencys correlation and variance.These evaluations will serve up to better interpret the results and findings from the research. For instance, mean temperature throughout a month relationship between snowfall and temperature average snowfall experienced during autumn and winter days, deviation of temperatures from recorded mean temperatures.The mode will equally help to determine the frequency of a heavy lake effect snowfall over a 5-year detachment in order to see if there is any consistent pattern followed by the lake effect snowfalls. In order to establish to correlation between increase in temperatures water vaporization and the increase in lake effect snowfall in east cities of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, models such as regression model ANOVA models CHI-SQ, students T distribution techniques will be utilized. These models will come in handy when measuring my analysis degree of accuracy at significant confidence levels. A time series of the occurrence of changes in weather and lake effect snowfall will be observed.REFERENCESBraham, R. R., and R. D. Kelly, 1982 Lake-effect snowstorms on Lake Michigan, USA. Cloud Dynamics, E. M. Agee and T. Asai, Ed s., D. Reidel, 87101.Dewey, K. F., 1977 Lake-effect snowstorms and the record breaking197677 snowfall to the lee of Lakes Erie and Ontario. Weatherwise, 30, 228231.Leathers, D. J., and A. W. Ellis, 1996 Synoptic mechanisms associated with snowfall increases to the lee of Lakes Erie and Ontario. Int. J. Climatol., 16, 11171135.Niziol, T.A., 1982 A record setting lake effect snowstorm at buffalo NY. Natl. Wea.Dig., 7(4), 19-24.Rosenfeld, D., 2000 Suppression of rain and snow by urban and Industrial air pollution. Science, 287, 17931796.

Development programme Essay

12 proceedings run on the Treadmill in level 11.5 and 5 armal proceeding cycling a tranquillize pace.12 proceedings run on the Treadmill, in level 11.5 with 5 minutes cycling at a wet paceCircuit procreation programme which we will include 1 minute cycling at a fast pace rest for 2 minutes, 1minutes sprint with 1 minute rest and second to the cycling. This will go 4 times.And finally cycling for 5 minutes in a steady pace to get rid off lactic acid.Bicep curls, Triceps push down, judicial system press, sitting leg consultation and seated leg curl all of this, 3 sets of 15 repetitions with 1 minute rest amongst sets and 2 minutes rest amidst several(predicate) exercises. Keeping the aforementioned(prenominal) weight as refinement session.Bicep curls, Triceps push down, Bench press, seated leg attachment and seated leg curl all of this, 3 sets of 15 repetitions with 1 minute rest amongst sets and 2 minutes rest between different exercises. Keeping the same weight as last session.Bicep curls, Triceps push down, Bench press, seated leg extension and seated leg curl all of this, 3 sets of 12 repetitions with 1 minute rest between sets and 2 minutes rest between different exercises, this week we will only annex 1 kg in ein truth exercise. unresisting stretches on the slight elastic tendons with serious extension to gather up a good improvement (groin, hamstring, quadriceps, back, biceps, triceps, gastrocnemius muscle and gluteus). All will be kept for 45 seconds.Passive stretches on the little flexible muscles with serious extension to see a good improvement (groin, hamstring, quadriceps, back, biceps, triceps, gastrocnemius and gluteus). All will be kept for 45 seconds.Passive stretches and static stretches in all muscle (groin, hamstring, quadriceps, back, biceps, triceps, gastrocnemius and gluteus). All will be kept for 50 seconds.I think this week very will help to maintain a good cardiovascular development and a good healthy strength . In both fitness comp unmatchednts Ive increased some type of resistance such as doing the really hard session in Friday for cardiovascular and adding 1 kilogram per exercise in the muscular strength development.I think the flexibility exercises I developed, will really help to see a difference in next weeks sessions. Next week I will increase 10 seconds in each stretch to see if week 4 really helped him to improve.This wee Im spillage to focus in two things, muscular strength and cardiovascular system. As its one more week left for the training programme to be finished, I am concentrate on the two major things that need improvement. To improve my cardiovascular I will do a Fartlek training session and a hard weight session by addingmore weights, in Wednesday, everything its going to be a normal week and in Friday I will do an interval training to prepare for next week hard sessions and I will also do a very hard session for muscular endurance. For flexibility I will maintain ad ding seconds but wont focus as much at it.MondayWednesdayFridayFartlek training programme which will last 12 minutes and will be done in the athletic centre. It will have serious changes of speed every 3 minutes.A bike session of 2 minutes as harder as possible.12 minutes run on the Treadmill, in level 12 and 5 minutes cycling at a steady paceIn this session a Interval session is being produces which will be jogging for 10 minutes, then do 3100 sprint with a rest between of 1 minute jogging and finishing with another 10 minutes run. Finally cycling for 5 minutes in a steady pace.Bicep curls, Triceps push down, Bench press, seated leg extension and seated leg curl all of this, 3 sets of 15 repetitions with 1 minute rest between sets and 2 minutes rest between different exercises. Adding 2 more kilos for the duration of the whole session.Bicep curls, Triceps push down, Bench press, seated leg extension and seated leg curl all of this, 3 sets of 15 repetitions with 1 minute rest betwee n sets and 2 minutes rest between different exercises. Keeping the same weight as last session.Bicep curls, Triceps push down, Bench press, seated leg extension and seated leg curl all of this, 3 sets of 12 repetitions with 1 minute rest between sets and 2 minutes rest between different exercises. Adding another 2 kilos for the duration of the whole session.Passive stretches on the less flexible muscles and static stretches on more flexible group muscles (groin, hamstring, quadriceps, back, biceps, triceps, gastrocnemius and gluteus). All will be kept for 50 seconds.Passive stretches on the less flexible muscles and static stretches on more flexible group muscles (groin, hamstring, quadriceps, back, biceps, triceps, gastrocnemius and gluteus). All will be kept for 50 seconds.Passive stretches on the less flexible muscles and static stretches on more flexible group muscles (groin, hamstring, quadriceps, back, biceps, triceps, gastrocnemius and gluteus). All will be kept for 55 second s.I think this session stool really help obtain a difference for the last week of the development programme. Making him work in the cardiovascular system as much, will help him psychological and physically to be more determine in sports, as he put all his effort in this week session and hopefully was done perfectly, with motivation and confidence. tractability stood the same but we added 5 more minutes in the last session so we can see an improvement in next weeks last session.

Christian virtues Essay

No general code of lead covers both of them as if the kingdom of God had dawned before its time, Left-wing political idealists and just war theorists run low to distinguish these two hands of God and try to reconcile the tension in the midst of them, often at the expense of the state.They try to impose Christian virtues such as love and mercy upon the state exactly fail to recognize the depravity of our present lot and the need for the state to restrain its evils. Communism big businessman have found its place in the early church with people who were prep atomic number 18d to share all their possessions (Acts 2.43, 44 4. 32), only if this economic system does non work in the unregenerate instauration of tree sloth and selfishness.Pacifism might have served the church and its members well as witness to divine grace and mercy, but the state would abdicate its responsibilities before God if it did not bear the sword and protect its citizens from criminals. It was Thomas Aqui nas, not Augustine, who developed just war theory along the natural law tradition. Augustine did not discriminate clear, common principles in order to declare society or its wars just.He saw distinct dichotomy between private behavior, which might refuse the use of the sword in self-defense, and the public right of the state to keep back itself for the good of the community. Machiavelli agreed and spoke of two moralities subsisting side-by-side, the morality of the individual soul and the morality of the city. Some actions, firearm not virtuous from private or Christian views, are still absolutely necessary if unrivalled wishes to defend the Republic. Protestant theologians tend to agree with this assessment. Emil Brunner did not believe that we could impose version of absolute arbitrator on world darkened with sin.In the old Testament God did not impose eject on divorce because of the hardness of their hearts, even if it was not this way from the beginning and absolute evaluator would demand otherwisewise. Relative justice is all we can hope for in the realm of society and world fallen from its original image. (Amit 2003 127) Reinhold Niebuhr rejected the possibility of doing well without causing some evil. In the real world, one(a) must become tainted with its evil and fight force with force. So useful have terrorist attacks been to locomote the neocon agenda that hawks are intent on provoking more.As William Arkin wrote in the Los Angeles Times, Rumsfelds confession Science Board recommended in 2002 the creation of super secret Proactive, Preemptive Operations Group (P2OG) to vex together CIA and military covert action, information warfare, intelligence, and cover and deception. Among other things, this body would launch secret trading operations aimed at stimulating reactions among terrorists and states possessing weapons of mass destructionthat is, for instance, prodding terrorist cells into action and exposing themselves to quick-res ponse attacks by U. S. forces.Such tactics would preindication to harboring states that their sovereignty will be at risk. (Amy 2004 38) Another argument can be made that Islamist extremism, nevertheless it arose, can be combated more effectively if larger number of citizens have stake in non-extremist, increasingly democratized political systems.More freedom should be created to foster enhanced political participation and human investing in Middle Eastern states. greater degree of participation whitethorn occur without the implementation of other requisites of democracy. If our definition of freedom is free elections, free press, and labor unionsit is absent in Saudi Arabia.Supporters of the Kingdom touch to other methods of creating balance and justice in society, whereby the royal family protects the citizens and defends their values in exchange for their loyalty. While this may smack of feudalism to the reader, such bargains were fulfilled in Islamic history through the Ottoman image of the circle of equity self-governance of religious minorities and the recognition of local, tribal, and familial authorities. Todays Middle Eastern rulers are facing similar questions about the ways that democratization will alter earlier understandings of leadership or threaten its longevity. (Sherifa 2005 28)

Production vs Operation Management Essay

Production management and operations management are management chamfer that needs to be simplified for those who are sitting on the fence or those internal an formation unable to comprehend them clearly. Sometimes it becomes confusing to be talking about labor management inside operations management but they are separate and distinct entities in the study of management as ultimately, production is a part of the whole cycle of operations. Read on to clarify the doubts.operations circumspectionThe study of set of activities comprising supervision, planning and designing of business operations in the field of manufacturing of goods and serve is termed as operations management. The purpose of operations management is to make certain that the operations of a business are efficient and strong and result in minimum of wastage. Operations management tries to cut down resources mingled in operations while at the same time making operations more effective and productive. In fact opera tions management is more come to on processes than people or products. Operations management in a nutshell is using physical resources in an optimum manner, converting input into output, so as to supply to the market the desired and finished product.Production ManagementProduction management on the early(a) hand focuses specifically on the production of goods and services and is concentrated upon churning output from input. It is a openhanded sum of activities that go into turning raw material into final, finished product. One may feel that production management is a subset of operations management, but production management in itself is a broad casing that comprises production planning and control, inventory management, and operations control. Production management includes all management activities spanning selection. Designing, operating, controlling and modify production system.In briefOperations vs Production Management Both production management and operations management play an important role in an organization in increasing the efficiency and productivity. mend operations management is focused upon administration, planning and execution of operations involved in production of goods and services and trying to minimize the resources at the same time increasing output, production management is more concerned with input/output and churning out products in the shape of desired finished product.

Advertising and Big Beer Ad Essay

1. What factors influence the perceived credibility of an informal information source? List and discuss factors that desex the credibility of formal communication sources of product information. The perceived h integritysty and objectivity of the source of communication has an wonderful influence on how the communication is accepted by the receiver. The major factors argon perceived intention of source, determine use of celebrity endorsements and the appropriateness of the spokesperson with the content of the message.2. What are the implications of the sleeper effect for the selection of spokespeople and the computer programming of advertise messages? The sleeper effect is the tendency for persuasive communication to lose the impact of source credibility over time. In terms of choice for a spokesperson, it is a good idea to select a controversial and famous person that will stick in the consumers mind e.g. celebrity endorsements. The ads should be schedule first in the commerc ial block because people tend to remember them the most in equality to the commercials played in the middle and end of the show.See more Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essay4. double-dyed(a) Airlines uses both magazines and Internet to promote its discount airline business. How would you measure the advertising strong suit of the two media for promoting the aid? Which is likely to be more effective? Broadband Internet services offer fast entryway to growing group of consumers i.e. special absorb groups. However, the growth of unsolicited emailing, email viruses and worms have limited the effectiveness of this medium. There is a growing trend towards media fragmentation as they have shifted their focus from general interest audience to smaller more specialized groups. According to a Roy Morgan survey in 2006, there were one hundred forty magazine titles read by the population of ages 14 and over.5. Which media do you think are suitable for advertising to the 18-2 4 age group as opposed to the 55+ age group? Justify your answer with examples and /or secondary data. The most appropriate media type for the age group of 18-24 would be the Internet, as they are one of the largest users. This type of marketing is called viral as it allows the message to spread like a virus. Some examples of this are the Carlton Draught its a big beer ad, which premiered on the Internet and now has had over 3 billion views. Social networking activities driven by sites such a YouTube and Facebook have also had an important impact of the effectiveness of viral marketing, for example the Carlton its a big beer ad can be viewed on YouTube. On the other hand, according to Nielsen Media Research it would appear that popular FM intercommunicate stations and ABC radio stations orison to two very different audiences, with 33% of over 55 listening to 3AW Melbourne and tight behind are the ABC stations for that age groups.6. You are the marketing manager for a business r emedy. Your advertising agency has just presented you with two different promotional strategies, one using a tragicomic approach and one taking an agony approach. Which approach would you adopt? Why? As a pharmaceutic company we would choose the agony approach as these commercials are run with great success because they appeal to a certain segment that suffers from aliments that are not visible, which therefore elicit little sympathy from family and friends. Complaints are legitimized by commercials, which they immediately identify with.7. You are a promotions manager working for the Australian or your radix government. Devise an advertising campaign to discourage smoking by young women referring to the communication model shown in Figure 7.1.p.260. Compare your plan with current campaigns used by the Australian government, state governments or local anesthetic governments. How is your campaign superior? Justify your answer with reference to consumer behavior.We would use an emoti onal advertising campaign, with a conclave of fear and abrasive advertising to discourage women from smoking. Fear is an effective advertising appeal, as it provides a cause set of reasons for immediate actions to prevent the fatal consequences of smoking. In using abrasive advertising we would use a controversial campaign as this will help improve awareness of the negative consequences of smoking, It would also plug in us to important social issues regardless of the fact that the images may be confronting to some people.

Death Essay

Death, to slightly who believe in reincarnation is passing into another life. The quality of this life could be well myrmecophilous on the, karma or the deeds that one has carried out in previous fork over. Death thus motivation not be the end of life but just a new beginning. Reincarnation is more often than not thought to be an Eastern belief predominantly prevalent in Buddhism. Karma, some believe is an antediluvian patriarch Hindu cliche increasingly picked up by Buddhist scriptures which provide a cause entrap link to our actions.Reincarnation takes these links further and seeks to provide a relation between our actions and its outcomes in this birth to our karma in the previous birth. Karma is generally said to be unseen to the common man but old-fashioned Hindu mythology believes that it is evident to the wise and knowledgeable sage. There atomic number 18 many such believers of this phenomenon in the due west as well. Stevenson (1980) has even supported it with ex tensive scientific reasoning and examples. The instances quoted are of children who are said to welcome taken to speaking about their earlier life immediately after they had started talking.There are some studies which link birth marks or defects with past lives. These defects are seen as the wounds on a someone of previous birth, who is remembered in the conceptus, wounds which could possibly arrest been fatal. (Stevenson, 1997). Rationalists and particularly rational biologists would not believe that the biological deformities which are found at birth such as defective speech, hearing or blindness could have been a cause of an accident in previous life rather than defective growth of the embryo in its formative stage.There has thus been extensive skepticism about reincarnation particularly amongst the positivist of the West. However in that respect are numerous believers of incarnation who quote a number of examples which are there in the Bible including the teachings of Jesu s where John the Baptist is considered as a reincarnate of Elijah the prophet. What then is the reality?

Is nursing an art, a science, or both Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is nursing an art, a science, or both - Essay casingctitioners, stated that Nursing is an art, and if it is to be made an art, it requires as exclusive a devotion, as hard a preparation, as any painters or sculptors work, for what is having to do with the living luggage compartment - the temple of Gods spirit? It is one of the fine Arts I had almost give tongue to the finest of the fine Arts1.The lexicon defines art as, both a human creative adroitness or its performance2. Further, the renowned Plato once asserted that, Art is the things which are acquired or reduced craft or skill3. The art and science of nursing permit it to attain its objectives in respect of providing for the health care take of long-sufferings in home, community or institutional health care delivery environments. This entails the use of the nursing motion to promote and maintain health, prevent illness, diagnose and manage potential or actual health problems, hasten adaptation to health impairments, ass ist rehabilitation and maximize the opportunity for dignity in living and dying. round authorities were of the opinion that, Nurses are faced daily with clinical decisions making. They carry the spirit of caring done the ages as patients advocates but now they are being forced to examine morals to an even greater degree from a world wide point4. Moreover, nursing, throughout its history was have-to doe with with caring, despite the fact that the concept of care varies according to societal events and needs. This requires the use of the scientific methodology.Furthermore, nurses comprise the largest grouping of health care professionals and nurses operate from a unique disciplinary perspective and they view each patient as a person in relation to their environment and the social, economic, and political forces that shape this environment. This makes it imperative to distinguish that a nurses duty consists of maximizing the promotion, maintenance, and restoration of patients heal th after giving imputable consideration to the infinitely complex

Human Resource Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Resource Development - appellative Examplend instructions, which would enable these individuals to achieve high level of cognition, competence and skills for carrying out their works in an effective manner. (Holton and Baldwin, 2003 Velada and Caetano, 2007). Training involves learning process. However, there lies a difference in fostering and learning process. The breeding program is a teacher focused program, whereas the learning process is learner focused. In case of learning, the last goal remains production of a learning process. In case of training, the ultimate goal is training the staffs at bottom an organization. In case of learning, the learner plays an active role, whereas in case of training, the learner plays a nonoperational role. Training plays an important role within an organization. There are various types of training needs within an organization. The training helps in the analysis or assessment in a broader concept and plays a modus operandi of roles. Organizational needs- The organization needs training and development programs to educate and increase the knowledge of their employees, which in ferment strengthen the organizational goals, strategies and objectives. The training program is sometimes suggested as the best solution of coming upon the business organisation problems. Personal needs- The potential participants would achieve experience, knowledge and learning. The training increases the knowledge, skills and ability of the individuals and enhances them in improving their individual performances thereby improving the performance of the overall organization. Performance needs- If the employees are not performing up to the desired or established standards then the training and development programs helps in improving their level of performances. This tries to reduce the performance hoo-hah of the employees in an... This paper stresses that the organization needs training and development programs to educate and increase the knowledge of their employees, which in turn strengthen the organizational goals, strategies and objectives. The training program is sometimes suggested as the best solution of meeting the business problems. Contemporary training initiatives aim at linking the employers of the organizations with the skill brokers where these skills brokers would be offering independent and cold-eyed advice to the organizations and match the type of training needs with the best suitable training come throughrs in order to provide the best training and development programs to the employees. This essay makes a conclusion that training is a systematic modification of attitude and behavior of any individual by means of implementation of various learning programs, instructions and events, which would be enabling these individuals to achieve increased level of knowledge, competence and skills for performing their functions in an effective manner. It is very(prenominal) important for an organization to implement an effective training and development program for training and increasing the skills, knowledge and ability of its employees. The impact of training and development programs on the reaction, learning, behavior and results reflect the success or nonstarter of such programs. The UK government has played an important role in supporting the training and development programs in the organization.

RCP 3 Chapter 3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

RCP 3 Chapter 3 - Coursework ExampleHave more modified administrator-related rights everywhere the firewall systems. An caseful is when a earnings analyst blocks particular IP address from accessing the network under the leading of the lead network engineer. Operation under the directive of the lead network engineer prevents instances of malicious analysts configuring networks to set aside for penetration by IP addresses that are already blacklisted by Data Mart.Have uncontrolled favor on the consummation of the firewall system. An example would be ensuring that every computer system or internal network passes through the firewall before permitting a user to reach a logon banner.Has a restricted permission over the rack mounted server. Allowed to carry out simple tasks like sending HTTP or HTTPS requests using lymph node browsers. Otherwise, allowing users to control the server can result into leakage of Data Mart-owned information to the general public.Have limited adminis trator-related privileges on the manner of operation of the server. An example of a privilege would be retrieval of the backed-up data following(a) any incidence of loss or damage. Granting power users full administrative privileges on server operation can lead to issues like Denial of Service attack.Have wholesome control and privilege on the operation of Data Mart-owned router. An example is the privilege to configure the router so as to be capable of acting the traffic directing roles in an effective way.Have limited user permissions and rights like reading content. An example is an online customer viewing the options of cloud platforms offered by Data Mart. This measure is appropriate because a larger flake of malicious users of database systems are found among this user category (Meghanathan & CNSA, 2010).Have more limited administrator-related rights like deleting or updating existing records. An example

Design management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

name management - Essay ExampleWe, as a team, wanted to focus on environment issues with our promotional campaign. At the same time few of the team members wanted to attract young generations done style. Nokia did not railroad tie up with the environment so we dropped that one. It was hard to decide between the rest two so we thought of coming up with an exciting in the altogether concept. A joint gage of adidas and vespa i.e. vespa hybrid scooters equipped with adidas accessories (helmets, gloves, covers of accelerator and brake controls etc.). Adidas had dedicated a sm totally field of operation at the adidas store for the display of new vespa hybrid vehicles. The humor incorporates both the environment chummy qualities of vespa hybrid scooters and the style of adidas in it. In the promotional campaign, we had to highlight the attributes of both the products and somehow link up the two.The next step was to devise a strategy to introduce the product to the customers and gr ab their attention. The idea was to start off with a few punch lines that can serve as teasers for the people that unload the Oxford Street where the adidas store is located. Businessdictionary.com states (n.d.) that purpose of teasers is to arouse widespread attention, and build excitement and expectations through consumer curiosity. For teaser ads to succeed, they mustiness be widely publicized. Along with the teasers, two or more printed ads were also to be displayed on the walkways. The printed ads would have stylish images of vespa scooters with drivers wearing adidas accessories highlighted using proper colour schemes. We also decided to come in up video ads at a place in the street which was easily visible to all the visitors roaming around in Oxford Street. With these advertisements in place, visitors would be attracted towards the adidas store to have a look at this new product on display. Within the store, the posters will tell the visitors that new hybrid vespa scoote rs consume 20% less fuel and

The Female Entrepreneurship in Comparison to Its Male Counterparts in Essay

The feminine Entrepreneurship in Comparison to Its manly Counter variances in UK - Essay ExampleThe involvement of women in entrepreneurship is crucial for the growth of every nations economy. In the UK, women gained the pay to vote only in 1918 (Peele, 2004 p251). This shows that women were marginalized in the past and were prevented from taking a full and active part of the economy. However, ninety years after women gained the right to vote in Britain, the lot of women has increased significantly. In the 1970s, women became much proactive in matters relating to entrepreneurship. This paper examines the trends in the increase in the numbers of women involved in entrepreneurship in the UK since the 1970s. It identifies the core concepts of and theories of fe male entrepreneurship in relationship to changes in trends and improvement the bridging of gaps between UK female entrepreneurs and their male counterparts. It likewise evaluates the elements of female entrepreneurship in Br itain in relation to female entrepreneurship in other nations almost the world. Theories of Female Entrepreneurship Female entrepreneurship is a combination of incorporated and chaotic methods which lead to women establishing and running businesses (Ho Chu, 2004 p111). This means that there are cardinal main ways that female entrepreneurship comes up. In the first route, female entrepreneurship is a conscious effort make by females to set up businesses by learning the art and science of entrepreneurship. This way, there are structured methods and means that enable women to set up businesses. On the other hand, Casson et al (2008) identify that most women encounter themselves in entrepreneurial positions by circumstances which lead them to take up business ownership positions around the world. Thus, in this context, female entrepreneurship is simply seen as a phenomenon whereby women establish or gain ownership of businesses in a given nation. This conception, therefore, views th e process by which females get to rise to this level. Another view put forrard by Carter (2005 p11) is that female entrepreneurship can best be evaluated and understood if it is viewed in direct contrast to male entrepreneurship. In this vein, Carter begins her thesis by stating that entrepreneurship has been traditionally viewed as a mans thing. As such, the involvement of females is a area that is meant to bridge the gap that has been created by the stereotypes that have existed in society for generations. Whereas the first view examines the procedure through which a woman acquires the position of entrepreneurship, the second view tries to view the whole concept of female entrepreneurship as a method of reducing the injustices of the male-dominated society. Thus, the second view diagnoses the reasons why women are not often seen in business ownership roles and try to find ways of addressing the issue. This has been seen as a feminist position because it adopts a conflicting pos ition to the status quo and demands some degree of recognition of women through positive discriminatory measures where requirement (Greer & Greene, 2004). Either way, the fundamental view of female entrepreneurship is to identify the characteristics, training and innovation systems that are necessary to come on females in business ownership roles (Ho Chu, 2004). It involves amongst other things, the motivation, expertise, and expectations that female entrepreneurship adds up to society (Carter & William, 2003).

Entrepreneur profile brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Entrepreneur profile brief - Essay ExampleIn gain to working towards economic development, this entrepreneur seems to be also very conscious of the environment and with this in see he has helped the pack of Ranquitte to develop respect towards the environment and to attempt to restore it as much as possible to its pristine state. Durant, while conducting his activities in Haiti also went there as a missionary in an attempt to evangelize as he helped the community get back to its feet. As the head of the mission program in Ranquitte, Durant worked closely with the local peck of the community, not only helping them gain materially through the coffee program, but also spiritually through teaching them of the goodness of God. His ability to set about on multiple roles in an attempt to improve the lives of the community is highly commendable because it allowed him to help its people get a well-rounded growth (George Fox University, 2009).The story of Tom Durant is highly inspiration al because it allows an psyche to get a glimpse at the manner in which, despite the massive secularization as well as the high rates of poverty that plague the world, there are still individuals inside it who are willing to help others overcome these problems. Durants story is one that is full of hope for the people of Haiti and the rest of the world because it shows them that no matter what the odds are in their life, they can still look at to overcome them and become successful. Through his helping the people of Ranquitte to gain self-sufficiency through the marketing and exchange of their coffee, Durant, through his entrepreneurship skills, has made it possible for this product to be recognized for the good qualities that it has. Moreover, Durant states that it is because of his involvement in Haiti that he has gained further spiritual growth because the mission program that he initiated has worked beyond his wildest dreams improving the lives of the

Legal Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Legal Questions - Essay ExampleIn analysis of the information the enactment of the FTDA, courts have struggled for applying the prevalent for jobmark dilution for the reason that of the expansive language used in the law. (Koo, 2004)Under these laws, initially the Home Specialists should contemplate talking to the individuals responsible for TechEquip and Homer.com. The situation to ponder upon is when Tech equips registered as Homer. Com, the office did not object them on the name. It is very natural for hoi polloi at Home Specialists to feel that the Tec equip is using their blessing somehow. But, it does not really fall into a court case category. Both of the parties should meet up in friendly terms and try and convince and inform each other of some(prenominal) apprehensions if they feel exist. If in the case that Home Specialists drag the latter party to court. Then they would have to prove Tech Equip.s see attempt to use their goodwill. This would not be of any use. Beca use if the whole issue would have been objectionable the people at the registrars office would have discussed the same with Tec Equip. The whole case can be deemed as just mere confusion under the FTDA Act.Ans 2) By Trade dress is actua... But the fact is, that, there can be an instance of confusion or just mere a mistake. The trade dress infringement act entails a provision and space that these acts be taken into consideration. Damages should hardly be awarded in case of the occurrence that Levec Inc, can prove a deliberate attempt by Tarvainen to use their goodwill. Only if they atomic number 18 proven right in their claim should they receive damages. It is very headspring possible that in the case of Levec Inc not being able to prove any thing it qualification just be considered a fault or a mistake. The Protection in relation of any specific trade dress is comparable as the protection and safeguard of trademarks. Trade Dress misdemeanor Violation can occur unintentionally a lso. (Wiemelt, 2003-2006)Ans 3) the Law Act on the Protection of Personal Information is where this should be categorized. Article 1, the rationale behind this Act is the safeguard and protection of the civil rights as well as their interests of individuals considering the fact that the ain information can be useful to other parties. Proper handling of this personal information is an essential. Basically all the articles in this act entail the following idea, that the personal information of individuals that are being used by certain agate line entities, by permission is being used for business purposes. The government has the responsibility of making sure that the business entity in particular should safeguard that data. The state sooner is also responsible for safeguarding this information.According to this act, if the business entity plans to alter the entity handling this personal information, their must be public notifications of much(prenominal) an act. Meaning all should b e informed. With

Work experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Work experience - Essay ExampleWhen working in this division, I had contact with multiple shipment vendors and worked to develop quality relationships with drivers and their related dispatchers. Invoicing was often a crinkle destiny in the warehousing division.Sales and marketing dealt with identifying target markets for delivery of business-to-business promotional literature. In this business area, job responsibilities included heavy focus on relationship marketing to ensure that vendors within the supply mountain chain remained responsive to our business needs. Monitoring strategic alliances for improving costs was often a business responsibility. In similar regard, customer service functions in the steel company included fielding calls from multiple clients and demanded advance in materials resource planning software.At the leadership level, accounting job responsibilities included calculating veritable and future net profit by reviewing balance sheets and income statements a nd recording revenue receipts. I earned wide experience in the rules governing sales tax and income tax at the business level. Accounting gave me the readiness to assess the financial health of a business through financial

Corrections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Corrections - Essay ExampleIn some cases, corporal punishment s used, but in the modern era, prison is the most desired type of punishment. This paper will tone of voice at the various forms of punitive philosophies in the prison system and various issues in correctional management.throughout historical times most societies have been known to have some places where they hold criminals. Confinement in form of prisons is a new thing since in ancient times corporal punishment was the scoop out kind of punishment beheading, hanging, whipping and rack stretching to take a few examples. Early jails were overcrowded, opaque and filthy and there was no separation of the inmates. In America, imprisonment was realized in 1600s after the abolition of death penalty (Simonsen, Allen, & Latessa, 2004). The federal prison system was established to hold inmates who are sentenced to time in prison and those who await trials. It contains of prisons and detention facilities.The organizational struc ture of American correction systems gives the department of justice the mandatory to control all operations in the system. The governor, who is the second in rank, is in charge of supervision of the activities in correctional facilities (Todd, George, & Michael, 2011). There are four directors who are mandated to supervise the legislative affairs, information, quality assurance, medical pose and public communication all these in the attempt to make the correction system a perfect place for reformation. The hierarchy follows to the support administration in charge of matters relating to field operations, operations support, community development, and correctional facilities administrations. Under them there are junior officers who oversee research, parole, human resources, operations, and security and general inmates welfare.Correctional management considers several philosophies for corrections. This paper will look into five main philosophies namely, rehabilitation, restorative j ustice,

Self Compacting Concrete Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Self Compacting Concrete - Essay Example26).SCC can be employ in most applications where traditionally vibrated cover is use. It is suitable for high performance, densely reinforced structures as head as for less demanding unreinforced applications for instance the backfill (Petersson, et al., 2000, pg. 3). SCC can be fibre reinforced and is equally applicable for in situ construction as well in precasting. It has the capability to fill formwork and encapsulate and condense reinforcing bars only when through the action of gravity and with maintained homogeneity. This ability is achieved by designing the concrete in much(prenominal) a way that it gains suitable inherent rheological properties. These properties are achieved through by not subjecting the concrete to any exterior energy input from vibrators, tampering or comparable actions.The predominant reason for the information of SCC has been the concern for cut back durability that is cause by inadequate homogeneity of the c ast concretes. However, SCC has also been used to improve the quality of concrete work and to allow for the ability for automation of the construction work as well as improve the working conditions on construction sites (Cleland, et al., 1996, pg. 483). Other benefits of SCC over other forms of concrete include, it can be placed at a speedier and swifter rate without the need for mechanical vibration and with reduced screeding and this results to savings in stead costs, there is better-quality and more uniform and consistent architectural surface gloss with minimal to no remedial surface work, there is enhanced consolidation around reinforcement and bail bond with reinforcement, it improved pumpability and is labor savings, it shortens constructions periods which translates to lower construction costs and minimised the traffic of ready mixed trucks and pumps for the period of placement and finally increased work environment safety by doing away with the