Mental health programs Essay

Community considerablyness programs based in performes have been highly successful, although occasionally confound and stressful for pastors to administer. However, it is not only physical health programs which have thrived intellectual health and chemical dependency programs are an important supplement to perform ministry and f sayrnity service. Thompson and McRae argue that the sour church service itself stretch forths a positive therapeutic effect to its congregation, even without a formal affable health ministry in place.They discuss the historical basis for the erosive churchs creation of community the creation of the we group quite an than the individual I and the need for belonging with a group, rather than to a group (41). They state Embedded within the individual were past experiences, traditions, values, and norms for emotions, cognitions, and behaviors conducive to relatedness and interpersonalness that reflected a collective sense of belonging with rather tha n to, caring, similar others (Thompson & McRae, 41). The B deficiency church, in Thompson and McRaes view, has gived a bridge for the gap surrounded by the historic slave experience and the modern B lose experience which helps ease the mental convert between worlds, and created a framework for dealing with hostility. They state The Black church nurtures the survival of its members through providing a set upive, caring environment to facilitate an ever-widening upward turn of positive cognitive, affective and behavioral outcomes for growth and change (Thompson & McRae, 46). While the mere fact of church fellowship has a positive effect on its members, Black church involvement in formal mental health ministry programs has a significant impact on its members as well. white-hot discussed the greatness of mental health complaint within the church setting. They state that there are four areas of community premeditation considered most effective in the church setting. These are p rime care delivery, mental health, health promotion and disease promotion and health policy.Their review of studies underscored the importance of natural helpers (friends and extended family), lay helpers and most especially church leaders in the delivery of mental health care through an informal care system. Blank discussed the state of mental health care in the rural South in the 1970s the population was discovered by researchers studying psychiatric utilization and morbidity in the area to be underserved, patronage the general view that rural life was superior to urban.The problems contributing to low psychiatric utilization are complex problems with service delivery, low quality of care (especially among minority patients) and lack of set uprs are entangled with accessible stigma surrounding psychiatric care, economic and sociable factors, geographic distance from providers, poverty, race and class issues to create a morass of issues a patient must slog through to acquire psyc hiatric care.Blank notes that at the time of the study, most counties lacked a star doctoral-level mental health professional only 3% of licensed psychiatrists practice in the rural South, a number which has not changed significantly since the 1970s. In add-on to the socioeconomic issues with receiving psychiatric care in the rural South, there are further problems relating to doctor-patient relations.Some theorists state that white mental health care providers cannot provide optimal care to Black patients because of their lack of knowledge and understanding of Black history and culture, as well as a lack of understanding of the clog of being Black in a white world furthermore Black patients are less likely to trust white care providers collectible to racial tensions and differences in worldview (Blank , 1668). Instead, Black patients are considered to have a likeence for Black care providers.While some studies have shown that Black patients do prefer Black care providers, state d reasons for this preference are a perception of greater professional competence and attitude, as well as racial and pagan compatibility (Blank , 1668). Blank emphasize the importance of sensitivity and cultural competence it can lead to a greater understanding of non-normative minority behavior as well as an increase in trust levels between provider and patient which increase the possibility of a successful outcome.Blank discusses the cultural responsiveness hypothesis, which states that the speciality of psychotherapy is directly related to the therapists ability to communicate an understanding of the patients cultural background. Lack of this cultural responsiveness top executive account for some of the racial divide in diagnosis, treatment and premature termination of treatment observed between Black and white psychiatric patients (Blank, 1669).Blank hypothesized that rural churches provide fewer social and mental health services than urban churches, and that they have fewer links with the formal care system furthermore, because of the importance of the church in the Black community and the historic exclusion of Black from formal care systems (schools, mental health services, etc), Black churches would provide more social and mental health services than white churches, but with fewer links to the formal care system (1669).Blank tested their theory using a phone survey of Black and white church leaders in both rural and urban areas in the South (defined in their study as Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missisippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia (Blank, 1670)). A total of 2,867 churches were targeted, with a total of 269 completed interviews, or an overall participation rate of just under 10% (Blank, 1670). folksy Black churches, the targeted demographic, were actually least likely to participate in the study, with only a one in fourteen survey completion rate the researchers cited lack of full- time staff creating difficulties reaching church leaders and a high rate of church leader refusal as factors in this low completion rate (Blank, 1670).The researchers discussed topics such as church demographics, including size and racial composition of the congregation, number of services held and attendance at the services, the church budget and founding date problems the churchs congregants faced that the church leader considered to be most important specific questions about mental health services provided by the church or church leader, including such issues as depression, paranoia, nervous breakdown, dementia and Alzheimers disease and attempted suicideWhat type of support services were offered formally by the church to deal with these types of issues and what links to the formal care system, including hospitals, care providers and support services like Alcoholics Anonymous existed, and if links existed to what level church leaders provided referrals to the formal care system ( Blank, 1669).The researchers then constructed four different scales on which to rank the churches Problems, which quantified the degree to which responding churches dealt with mental health problems over the previous two years Programs for Adults, which quantified the number of mental health programs offered by the church, including those dealing with alcohol and substance abuse, marital counseling, sex education and counseling, domestic violence and sexual assaultPrograms for Children, which quantified programs specifically aimed at support for children, including individual and family support services and finally Programs for Teenagers, which quantified programs specifically aimed at support for teens. Referrals, both in and out, were also quantified (Blank, 1670). Statistical depth psychology using factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the correlation between the varying factors.The researchers found some surprising differences in funding when adjuste d for congregation size, rural white churches had substantially larger budgets than rural Black churches, and urban Black churches also had significantly larger budgets than the rural Black churches (Blank, 1670). However, both urban and rural Black churches were shown to offer significantly higher numbers of mental health programs overall than their white counterparts. There were no statistically significant variables in the study of links between referrals, but the modal response among churches overall was 0, indicating that all churches tend to lack links with the formal care system (Blank, 1671).Blank extrapolate concerning the possible reasons for lack of links between the formal care system and the informal care system provided by churches. They note that one of the difficulties may be historical in nature because churches are often divided among racial and ethnic lines, there may be barriers to connection between the formal care system and churches precipitated by racial and ethnic tensions.Additionally, because churches have played a role as a political entity in the past, there may be lingering social tensions between churches and formal care systems which prevent these roles. (Blank, 1671). Another barrier may be the different paradigms of the formal care system and the church regarding the nature, causes and treatment of mental health problems.